tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-66316028136035804772024-03-12T17:03:52.818-05:00Deb's Delvings in GenealogyGenetic genealogy, laws affecting family history, Texas history and records, and technological topics with a slant toward the professional and advanced researcherDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.comBlogger237125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-60680250844936548902021-10-07T09:23:00.004-05:002021-10-07T09:26:42.306-05:00Copying atDNA Data from One Testing Company to Another - Updated (2021) Process<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnJXrg_d6HlILBAFSC9lVJvWb8EUIoHBS7wSlMrDVkbABScuAiGLZ5GAFK5k5HmcghTHtsqC0VC6QukhAzF0-20bYFwm6sD9vStq6V9fU6NKnMNwcP3ZbZtF18o06vG-wxY_Idhj6YyGJR/s640/genetic-testing-ge01cf4cd5_640.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="320" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="639" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnJXrg_d6HlILBAFSC9lVJvWb8EUIoHBS7wSlMrDVkbABScuAiGLZ5GAFK5k5HmcghTHtsqC0VC6QukhAzF0-20bYFwm6sD9vStq6V9fU6NKnMNwcP3ZbZtF18o06vG-wxY_Idhj6YyGJR/s320/genetic-testing-ge01cf4cd5_640.png"/></a>mcmurryjulie, <i>Pixabay</i> licensed image (https://pixabay.com/vectors/genetic-testing-gene-panel-genetics-2316642/).</div>
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If you've taken an autosomal DNA test at every testing company you won't have a need for this process. Many of us have tested at one or two or three companies yet want to have our DNA data available for comparison at additional companies — to fish in more ponds. We need to know how to obtain a copy of our data from one site and upload it to another.
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The companies that allow uploading the DNA data from another site usually charge much less for access to their tools than the cost of a new test kit. Transferring (copying the data file) saves a few dollars or pounds over doing another full test kit. AncestryDNA and 23andMe do not allow uploads from other companies.
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Many people use the term "transferring your raw DNA data" from one company to another. This sounds like you are removing your data from one site and moving it to another. <b>What really happens is you copy your data from the original testing company and place a duplicate of the data on a second site.</b> The data now resides on two sites.
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The companies periodically change their download/upload processes. Instead of repeating the steps that work today for each company, I'm linking to the company's instructions. Those likely get updated as the process changes so will be more current than anything written elsewhere.
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The steps to download (copy from the company site to your computer) your raw autosomal DNA data file for each company can be found by clicking these links. You must login to your account first to access the data.
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23andMe - <a href="https://customercare.23andme.com/hc/en-us/articles/212196868-Accessing-Your-Raw-Genetic-Data">https://customercare.23andme.com/hc/en-us/articles/212196868-Accessing-Your-Raw-Genetic-Data</a>
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AncestryDNA - <a href="https://support.ancestry.com/s/article/Downloading-AncestryDNA-Raw-Data">https://support.ancestry.com/s/article/Downloading-AncestryDNA-Raw-Data</a>
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FamilyTreeDNA - <a href="https://learn.familytreedna.com/autosomal-ancestry/universal-dna-matching/may-download-family-finder-raw-data/">https://learn.familytreedna.com/autosomal-ancestry/universal-dna-matching/may-download-family-finder-raw-data/</a>
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LivingDNA - <a href="https://support.livingdna.com/hc/en-us/articles/360011384960-How-do-I-download-my-raw-data-">https://support.livingdna.com/hc/en-us/articles/360011384960-How-do-I-download-my-raw-data-</a>
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MyHeritage - <a href="https://faq.myheritage.com/en/article/how-do-i-download-my-raw-dna-data-file-from-myheritage">https://faq.myheritage.com/en/article/how-do-i-download-my-raw-dna-data-file-from-myheritage</a>
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The steps to upload (copy from your computer to the company site) your raw autosomal DNA data file to each company that allows uploads can be found by clicking these links. Some of the companies display all of the steps immediately. Some require you to login first then walk you through the process.
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23andMe - uploads not allowed
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AncestryDNA - uploads not allowed
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FamilyTreeDNA - <a href="https://help.familytreedna.com/hc/en-us/articles/4402392808463-Autosomal-DNA-Transfers-Guide#new-customer-upload-process-0-1">https://help.familytreedna.com/hc/en-us/articles/4402392808463-Autosomal-DNA-Transfers-Guide#new-customer-upload-process-0-1</a>
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LivingDNA - <a href="https://livingdna.com/free-dna-upload">https://livingdna.com/free-dna-upload</a>
</li><li>
MyHeritage - <a href="https://www.myheritage.com/dna/upload">https://www.myheritage.com/dna/upload</a>
</li></ul>
GEDmatch is not a testing company but offers many popular third-party tools. However, their updated website either has no upload/download instructions or they are hidden and hard to find. Perhaps more information is available to those with an account after login.
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There are other smaller companies that may allow upload/download. Check their online help for instructions or contact their tech support group.
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All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br>
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To cite this blog post:<br>
Debbie Parker Wayne, "Copying atDNA Data from One Testing Company to Another - Updated (2021) Process," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 7 October 2021 (<a http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2021/10/copying-atdna-data-from-one-testing.html">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2021/10/copying-atdna-data-from-one-testing.html</a> : accessed [date]).
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© 2021, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-8798602453548526202021-09-11T16:37:00.005-05:002021-09-21T10:08:15.784-05:00DNA Painter's Shared cM Tool — Ranges, Probabilities, and Histograms(Click on any image to view a larger version.)
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Many genealogists are familiar with using the tools at <i>DNA Painter</i> to find clues to the possible relationship when the relationship is not known between two DNA test takers. The clues are based on how much DNA in centiMorgans (cM) the two share. The tools can also provide evidence to disprove or support a known relationship. Anyone who has worked with DNA for very long knows that what we “know” or “believe to be true” may be disproven by DNA evidence. Even when we think a relationship is known based on family memories, the conclusion is more sound with supporting DNA evidence.
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The data displayed by the “The Shared cM Project 4.0 tool v4” at <i>DNA Painter</i> (<a href="https://dnapainter.com/tools/sharedcmv4" target="_blank">https://dnapainter.com/tools/sharedcmv4</a>) is a collaboration between Blaine T. Bettinger, Leah LaPerle Larkin, and Jonny Perl.
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“The Shared cM Project 4.0 tool v4” provides three data elements for analysis of relationship possibilities based on the amount of autosomal DNA (atDNA) shared by two test takers:
<ol><li>the average amount of atDNA shared and the range of values (low-to-high) reported by actual project participants,
</li><li>the probabilities (based on simulated data) for various relationship possibilities based on the amount of shared atDNA entered, and
</li><li>a histogram of the reported data for a given relationship as calculated from the Shared cM Project reported data<a href="#fn1" name="refnum1"><sup>1</sup></a>
</li></ol>
Details are provided here for using these data elements on an example case where BJ04 shares 111.32 cM of DNA with DP5, known to be a first cousin twice removed (1c2r).
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<b>Using the Shared DNA amounts </b>
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Comparing the shared DNA between two people of a specific relationship is easily done using the chart at <a href="https://dnapainter.com/tools/sharedcmv4" target="_blank">https://dnapainter.com/tools/sharedcmv4</a>. Obtain the number of cMs shared by two test takers and determine if it falls within the range specified on the chart for the relationship believed to be shared by the two. This can be done by manually searching the chart for the known relationship box, then comparing the amount of DNA shared by the test takers to the range of values listed in the box.
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Entering 111.32 into the tool highlights the blocks for many possible relationships (some shown in figure 1) that can share this amount of DNA. The 1c2r block is one of those highlighted. This block indicates 1c2r share an average of 221 cM, with the reported range being 33-471 cM.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmppaEPY7QCWiBmPk3YAplWheQHzzL9_9F00lIoYFAA9YPgemxWtvICJXX8oDfRZ5n5rlKh6zthTcrbaEDc1-6CJlQcABMNf0T97ijltkCRdJfgXTZQ6B44ojmy0nxa0Gk11RZDgZf-LH7/s541/fig1_sharedcm_boxes.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="400" data-original-height="311" data-original-width="541" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmppaEPY7QCWiBmPk3YAplWheQHzzL9_9F00lIoYFAA9YPgemxWtvICJXX8oDfRZ5n5rlKh6zthTcrbaEDc1-6CJlQcABMNf0T97ijltkCRdJfgXTZQ6B44ojmy0nxa0Gk11RZDgZf-LH7/s400/fig1_sharedcm_boxes.png"/></a><br>Figure 1. Shared cM Tool on <i>DNA Painter</i> with only potential relationship blocks highlighted.</div>
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<b>Using the Relationship Probabilities</b>
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Figure 2 illustrates the relationship probability display. The probabilities, displayed after entering a cM value in the “Filter” box, are best used to determine the most likely place to begin looking for a family link when the relationship is unknown. When a relationship is known, the probabilities primarily are used for a possible or not possible indication. A low probability percentage does not rule out the possibility of that relationship unless the probability percentage is zero (0). If the probability percentage displayed is zero then that relationship is impossible based on the amount of shared DNA (assuming no pedigree collapse or endogamy). Any non-zero probability percentage, even a very low probability, is possible. Low probabilities generally need more supporting evidence.
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Random recombination of DNA can result in some test takers sharing more or less than the expected amount of DNA for a specific relationship. Relationships more distant than second cousins may result in no shared DNA at all even though the genealogical relationship is real.<a href="#fn2" name="refnum2"><sup>2</sup></a>
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The probability numbers should be evaluated within the context of all of the evidence, DNA and documentary. The probabilities should not be used alone as confirmation of a relationship; again, any probability other than 0 indicates the relationship is possible. Probabilities for relationships for which more DNA is shared are more likely to be accurate. For more distant relationships the smaller amount of shared DNA can be typical of multiple relationships. Some probability percentages may be lower, but are consistent with the hypothetical relationship as long as the probability is not zero.
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In this example shown in figure 2, there is a documented 1c2r relationship between two test takers who share 111.32 cM of atDNA. The probability that they are 1c2r is 9%, the fourth most likely percentage offered with twelve more likely relationships, four other relationships that are as likely as 1c2r, and three relationships less likely but still possible. All of these are possibilities as the probability percentage is not zero.
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In cases like this, with a 9% probability, more information will be needed.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEdb9GYMAs9CzKPz22AyNFteqg9apRyvTZDNgPofaaWn7IvgBs-eNuORl1qElg1YB0PlvdDD6iIKOO6Da4fpYHXHcKLkpYGFZSuJofuXbXE2cCUjY0_1k5yHatTRGqCaUtXB8Rs6TLyvsP/s650/fig2_probs.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="400" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEdb9GYMAs9CzKPz22AyNFteqg9apRyvTZDNgPofaaWn7IvgBs-eNuORl1qElg1YB0PlvdDD6iIKOO6Da4fpYHXHcKLkpYGFZSuJofuXbXE2cCUjY0_1k5yHatTRGqCaUtXB8Rs6TLyvsP/s400/fig2_probs.png"/></a><br>Figure 2. Relationship probability display for 111.32 shared cM from the Shared cM Tool on <i>DNA Painter</i>.</div>
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<b>Using the Histograms</b>
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Histograms are displayed by clicking on a relationship box in the Shared cM Chart on the <i>DNA Painter</i> website. The histograms, illustrated in figure 3, are used to determine if the amount of shared DNA is at the peak of the curve, within the curve, or an outlier on the far shoulders of the histogram curve. Shared cM values that fall far out on the shoulders of the histograms or outside of the reported range are known as outliers. Outliers require additional investigation and more evidence to be accepted as true; often more test takers are needed. Outliers will often lead to more tentative or qualified hypotheses and need more explanation in the analysis.<a href="#fn3" name="refnum3"><sup>3</sup></a>
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Figure 3 is an annotated image of the histogram displayed for the 1c2r relationship. The added red markings indicate the peak of the curve, position of values described as “within the curve,” and outliers (on the shoulders) of the curve. Numbers outside of the range of shared values are also considered outliers.
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To determine where on the curve a DNA match falls, look along the horizontal axis for the numbers closest to the amount of DNA shared by two test takers. Mentally note the location for the shared cM number on the horizontal axis. Mentally draw a line up to intersect the curve. Determine if the amount of DNA shared by the two test takers is at the peak or within the curve of the histogram or if the value may be an outlier (on the shoulders of the curve or outside of the range of the curve).
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Using figure 3, the number 111 falls closer to the number 100 than to 150; 111 is not far out on the shoulder of the curve, but it is not high within or near the peak of the curve.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRfJbQ37Mhu4YyLUd_6iI5a2H3N_tqfMNKV3twVcvtljBB594iPpop0kQitFL81s8_KwcQ2Lc2ko0YE1hRSRpZBn5Iu2nEI0Yzn3ldo50IBh8wjIbPO2eA2E_YKawTB4Qc_NML7wFrnoYF/s670/fig3_Histogram_1c2r.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="400" data-original-height="577" data-original-width="670" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRfJbQ37Mhu4YyLUd_6iI5a2H3N_tqfMNKV3twVcvtljBB594iPpop0kQitFL81s8_KwcQ2Lc2ko0YE1hRSRpZBn5Iu2nEI0Yzn3ldo50IBh8wjIbPO2eA2E_YKawTB4Qc_NML7wFrnoYF/s400/fig3_Histogram_1c2r.png"/></a><br>Figure 3. Annotated image of the histogram displayed by the Shared cM Tool on <i>DNA Painter </i>for the 1c2r relationship.</div>
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Table 1 correlates the information gathered so far about the relationship between BJ04 and DP5—shared DNA amounts from the testing company website and also Shared cM average and range, probabilities, and placement on the histogram for the known relationship from <i>DNA Painter</i>.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK-g5m0tAuKmMR8qtRkl4MGHnpksis_-feo4qA5oxf3IthPtBdBcRP59zLRsPFR0fglE6JqZ288cQpHYBplCSYNoFh17b39aIYX-ncvyaXYkQcwAOG_A8lE9sQxc6FMIZoe37QVgANzAnM/s942/table1.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="400" data-original-height="382" data-original-width="942" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK-g5m0tAuKmMR8qtRkl4MGHnpksis_-feo4qA5oxf3IthPtBdBcRP59zLRsPFR0fglE6JqZ288cQpHYBplCSYNoFh17b39aIYX-ncvyaXYkQcwAOG_A8lE9sQxc6FMIZoe37QVgANzAnM/s400/table1.png"/></a></div>
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Again, more evidence is needed. Additional family members can be tested or the DNA match list may contain serendipitous matches that add evidence to this analysis.
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<b>Gathering More Evidence</b>
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In this case, multiple siblings and a first cousin of DP5 were tested or were already listed in the DNA Match Lists. The shared DNA amounts between these test takers is shown in table 2. BJ04 is a 1c2r to all other persons listed in the table. DJP, RAP, DP4, and DP5 are full siblings. DGS is a half sibling to DJP, RAP, DP4, and DP5. PCF is a first cousin to DJP, RAP, DP4, DP5, and DGS.
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The full siblings DJP, RAP, DP4, and DP5 all share between 2526.74 and 2932.92 cM (yellow highlights in table 2). The Shared cM Tool predicts a 97% to 100% likelihood of a full sibling relationship. The half sibling, DGS, shares between 1638.74 and 2077.44 cM with the other siblings (bold, red values in table 2). The Shared cM Tool predicts a 90% to 100% likelihood of a half sibling relationship. The siblings share between 865.03 and 997.11 cM with their first cousin (see the row or column for PCF in table 2). The Shared cM Tool predicts a 97% to 100% likelihood of a first cousin relationship. These probabilities indicate the known relationships are likely true.
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These numbers also demonstrate the amount of shared DNA between the siblings and their first cousin is consistent with their relationships to each other. The numbers are within the Shared cM ranges and well within the histogram curves.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc-OR4LLuhdg8hNwDMWI949PzNp82e2A2EHIBHdfgIBk6K7LAvdFVmzR0MkPcpP9Vz5sHI14J0zpgtrigL47oj1E6IGIPcshA5KhITXxNoldLF7nbAr22nzMl1isq7jE1K0h1IVW8IUmut/s1212/table2.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="400" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="1212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc-OR4LLuhdg8hNwDMWI949PzNp82e2A2EHIBHdfgIBk6K7LAvdFVmzR0MkPcpP9Vz5sHI14J0zpgtrigL47oj1E6IGIPcshA5KhITXxNoldLF7nbAr22nzMl1isq7jE1K0h1IVW8IUmut/s400/table2.png"/></a></div>
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All of these added cousins share more DNA with BJ04 than DP5 shares (see the row or column for BJ04 in table 2). Entering these cM numbers into the Shared cM Tool on <i>DNA Painter</i> indicates a 1c2r relationship probability of between 34% to 62% (see table 3).
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The higher probabilities that BJ04 is a 1c2r to others in the study than the 9% probability of being a 1c2r to DP5 adds more credibility to the conclusion that BJ04 is a 1c2r to all the others in this study, including DP5.
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Table 3 correlates the information gathered so far about the relationship between BJ04 and all other test takers in this study—shared DNA amounts from the testing company website and also Shared cM average and range, probabilities, and placement on the histogram curve for the known relationship from <i>DNA Painter</i>.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0AB46NQV91gJfKS_KBnBcQ1Pd32eA03wZfNsj6lt7lk7JcG-0Aec_-UemitBJYTMtiTViKYEqqhJPeucm8bYevJpWRjBqhLJuuOEBxCfbmDgdAogYugbD-WSOtsow9nK66JF5Kq4suABo/s1208/table3.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="400" data-original-height="737" data-original-width="1208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0AB46NQV91gJfKS_KBnBcQ1Pd32eA03wZfNsj6lt7lk7JcG-0Aec_-UemitBJYTMtiTViKYEqqhJPeucm8bYevJpWRjBqhLJuuOEBxCfbmDgdAogYugbD-WSOtsow9nK66JF5Kq4suABo/s400/table3.png"/></a></div>
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The documentary research (not detailed in this blog post for privacy purposes) clearly supports the known relationships. The birth certificates, census enumerations, death certificates, obituaries, and memories of living family members are all consistent with the claimed relationships.
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Together, the DNA and documentary evidence strongly support the hypothesized relationships even though, alone, the amount of DNA shared by BJ04 and DP5 was not conclusive.
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This is a clear case where testing siblings and first cousins can provide DNA evidence to help answer some questions. The 111.32 cM shared by BJ04 and DP5 is low on the histogram curve. This number is not far out on the shoulders of the histogram, but it is definitely on the waning, low end of the curve.
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<b>Conclusion</b>
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Astronomer Carl Sagan made the statement, “extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence." <i>Wikipedia</i> calls this statement the “Sagan standard” and tells us, "The standard illustrates a core principle of the scientific method and skepticism and can be used to assess the validity of a claim." Sagan wasn't the first to make this claim, but <i>Cosmos</i> may have been the first exposure for many of us.<a href="#fn4" name="refnum4"><sup>4</sup></a>
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When the probability of a relationship is low, as it is when only 111.32 cM are shared by 1c2r, it is necessary to provide supporting evidence to increase the credibility of the conclusion. Here, the amount of shared DNA between more siblings and their first cousin with the person known to be a first cousin twice removed (1c2r) provided more evidence. If the only two test takers available were DP5 and BJ04 a genealogist could assume the 1c2r relationship might be an error. The low likelihood of the relationship of 1c2r between DP5 and BJ04 needs supporting evidence to make it more credible even though the 9% probability indicates the relationship is possible. Adding the DNA evidence from more close cousins and the documentary evidence for these relationships provides strong evidence that the relationship has been correctly identified.
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For more information on the randomness of DNA inheritance see my earlier blog post, "DNA Analysis - Random is the Most Important Factor," <i>Deb’s Delvings in Genealogy</i>, 9 October 2017 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2017/10/dna-analysis-random-is-most-important.html">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2017/10/dna-analysis-random-is-most-important.html</a>).
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<a href="#refnum1" name="fn1">1. </a>Blaine T. Bettinger, Leah LaPerle Larkin, and Jonny Perl, “The Shared cM Project 4.0 tool v4,” <i>DNA Painter</i> (<a href="https://dnapainter.com/tools/sharedcmv4" target="_blank">https://dnapainter.com/tools/sharedcmv4</a>).
<br> Bettinger provided the Shared cM data, self-reported by (and likely to contain some errors) from actual test taker data. Blaine T. Bettinger, “The Shared cM Project, Version 4.0 (March 2020),” <i>The Genetic Genealogist</i>, PDF online (<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Shared-cM-Project-Version-4.pdf" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Shared-cM-Project-Version-4.pdf</a>). Page 5 covers data collection methods. Pages 8-51 cover the histograms. Also see Blaine T. Bettinger, “Shared cM Project,” <i>The Genetic Genealogist</i> (<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2020/03/27/version-4-0-march-2020-update-to-the-shared-cm-project/" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2020/03/27/version-4-0-march-2020-update-to-the-shared-cm-project/</a>). Also see “Collecting Sharing Information for Known Relationships,” <i>The Genetic Genealogist</i> (<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/03/04/collecting-sharing-information-for-known-relationships/" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/03/04/collecting-sharing-information-for-known-relationships/</a>) and “Collecting Sharing Information for Known Relationships – Part II”, (<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/04/06/collecting-sharing-information-for-known-relationships-part-ii/" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/04/06/collecting-sharing-information-for-known-relationships-part-ii/</a>).
<br> Larkin provided the underlying data for the probability indications based on Ancestry.com simulated, statistical data. Also see Leah LaPerle Larkin, “The Limits of Predicting Relationships Using DNA,” <i>The DNA Geek</i>, 19 December 2016 (<a href="https://thednageek.com/the-limits-of-predicting-relationships-using-dna/" target="_blank">https://thednageek.com/the-limits-of-predicting-relationships-using-dna/</a>); probabilities based on simulated data citing “AncestryDNA Matching White Paper,” <i>AncestryDNA</i>, 31 March 2016 (<a href="https://www.ancestry.com/dna/resource/whitePaper/AncestryDNA-Matching-White-Paper" target="_blank">https://www.ancestry.com/dna/resource/whitePaper/AncestryDNA-Matching-White-Paper</a>).
<br> Perl developed the website where these tools are housed, the user interfaces, and other tools on the site. These include the Chromosome Mapper that was the initial offering at <i>DNA Painter</i> as well as the Cluster Auto Painter, Inferred Segment Generator, cM Estimator, several tree and pedigree tools, and more. Also see the online help at <a href="https://dnapainter.com/help" target="_blank">https://dnapainter.com/help</a>.
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<a href="#refnum2" name="fn2">2. </a>Blaine T. Bettinger, “Q&A: Everyone Has Two Family Trees – A Genealogical Tree and a Genetic Tree,” <i>The Genetic Genealogist</i>, 10 November 2009 (<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2009/11/10/qa-everyone-has-two-family-trees-a-genealogical-tree-and-a-genetic-tree/" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2009/11/10/qa-everyone-has-two-family-trees-a-genealogical-tree-and-a-genetic-tree/</a>). Also “Cousin statistics,” <i>International Society of Genetic Genealogists Wiki</i> (<a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Cousin_statistics" target="_blank">https://isogg.org/wiki/Cousin_statistics</a>).
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<a href="#refnum3" name="fn3">3. </a>Blaine T. Bettinger, “The Shared cM Project Version 4.0 (March 2020),” <i>The Genetic Genealogist</i>, 27 March 2020, PDF linked from this blog post (<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2020/03/27/version-4-0-march-2020-update-to-the-shared-cm-project/" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2020/03/27/version-4-0-march-2020-update-to-the-shared-cm-project/</a>), 8–18.
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<a href="#refnum4" name="fn4">4. </a>"Sagan standard," <i>WikiPedia, The Free Encyclopedia</i> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagan_standard" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagan_standard</a>).
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All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br><br>
21 September 2021: Corrected some citations where italics were not copied into the blog.<br>
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br>
To cite this blog post:<br>
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Painter's Shared cM Tool — Ranges, Probabilities, and Histograms," <i>Deb's Delvings in Genealogy</i>, 11 September 2021 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2021/09/dna-painters-shared-cm-tool-ranges.html">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2021/09/dna-painters-shared-cm-tool-ranges.html </a>: accessed [date]).
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© 2021, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-65893381678091369732021-08-10T15:09:00.004-05:002021-08-10T15:29:08.927-05:00Display All Posts on this Blog
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All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br>
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To cite this blog post:<br>
Debbie Parker Wayne, "Display All Posts on this Blog," <i>Deb's Delvings in Genealogy</i>, 10 August 2021 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]).
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© 2021, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-57015599736222924782020-07-28T10:47:00.001-05:002020-07-28T10:47:20.576-05:00TxSGS 2020 Summer Virtual ConferenceThe virtual attendance riches just keep getting better this summer.
<img src="https://i1.wp.com/www.txsgs.org/TSGS/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Facebook-banner-VC2020.jpg?w=450&ssl=1">
<br><br>
August 7-8, two great days with some of the best genealogy speakers:
<ul><li>Colleen Robledo Greene: Taking a Closer Look at Immigration Records for Your Mexican Ancestor
</li><li>Patti Lee Hobbs: Problem Solving with DNA: Case Studies
</li><li>J. Mark Lowe: Mapping, Atlases & Documenting Paths
</li><li>Sunny Morton: Collateral Kin: Indirect Routes to Direct Ancestors
</li><li>Diane L. Richard: 50 Overlooked Online Genealogy Resources in 50 Minutes
</li><li>Drew Smith: Organizing Your Genealogy
</li><li>Michael Strauss: Researching Your World War II Ancestors
</li><li>Ari Wilkins: Studying a Community Using Sanborn Maps and Other Resources
</li></ul>
Register today and get more information at <a href="https://www.txsgs.org/2020/07/16/register-today-for-txsgs-2020-summer-virtual-conference/">https://www.txsgs.org/2020/07/16/register-today-for-txsgs-2020-summer-virtual-conference/</a>.
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<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br>
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br>
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br>
To cite this blog post:<br>
Debbie Parker Wayne, "TxSGS 2020 Summer Virtual Conference," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 28 July 2020 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]).
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© 2020, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-46480699300709728222019-06-13T09:27:00.000-05:002019-06-13T09:27:58.344-05:00Kindle version available - Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case StudiesThe Kindle version of <i>Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case Studies</i> is now available. Order links and a complete list of chapters and authors are available on the book landing page at <a href="http://debbiewayne.com/aggtcs/index.php">http://debbiewayne.com/aggtcs/index.php</a>. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih_KF3X6tvkd9zukWLKIPe0AJVkQkbDkLg1SneEAp4JIZzIuS3guuLCGY9820qmUBhyphenhyphenf_gkWH2p_2jNfINFQJKEnShkDLl0z9z404HiBymoP1jd0AFt3l3vW50C0F3fdaQpzbeN8L4zemd/s1600/cover_front380x498.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih_KF3X6tvkd9zukWLKIPe0AJVkQkbDkLg1SneEAp4JIZzIuS3guuLCGY9820qmUBhyphenhyphenf_gkWH2p_2jNfINFQJKEnShkDLl0z9z404HiBymoP1jd0AFt3l3vW50C0F3fdaQpzbeN8L4zemd/s320/cover_front380x498.png" width="244" height="320" data-original-width="380" data-original-height="498" /></a></div><br />
Please consider leaving a review on Amazon letting others know what you think of the book.<br />
<br />
Corrections listed in the errata on the book landing page at <a href="http://debbiewayne.com/aggtcs/index.php">http://debbiewayne.com/aggtcs/index.php</a> are incorporated in the Kindle and a second print version of the book. The landing page is periodically updated with the latest information on reviews and status of versions to allow anyone who purchases an early version of the book to track changes. Some print books are in the sales pipeline so there will be a time lag before the updated print version will be shipped to readers.<br />
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Thanks to all of the readers who have posted on Facebook, blogs, Amazon, and those who have emailed letting us know what you think of the book. All feedback is appreciated.<br />
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<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "Kindle version available - Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case Studies," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 13 June 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
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© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-1656309174322730862019-06-12T11:04:00.000-05:002019-06-12T11:04:43.245-05:00All-day DNA Seminar, June 29th, Denver Public LibraryI will be presenting an all-day DNA seminar at the Denver Public Library on 29 June 2019. My only other visits to Denver were driving through when I was 12 years old and a visit to the Ramses II exhibit in about 1988 to 1989. I am looking forward to seeing more of the area this time.<br />
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Free and open to the public. No registration required. Doors open at 9am.<br />
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Topics include how DNA keeps providing new information, essential tools, organizing data, and writing your results to inspire family to participate.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx8gaDYy9yL0tZeYUm9jdfCGrHAjngL_wrHFiOM1HrV5M0d9Iur8Kzy4JZ2voxN8dLcmZO1BjSrE2kKi-MNcvX9p9Kh0Yes3rDwTzuKhEqMWIzSk_FqDgYoZ4GhmjzarE8kYITX6-Hpuve/s1600/Wayne_June_Flyer.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx8gaDYy9yL0tZeYUm9jdfCGrHAjngL_wrHFiOM1HrV5M0d9Iur8Kzy4JZ2voxN8dLcmZO1BjSrE2kKi-MNcvX9p9Kh0Yes3rDwTzuKhEqMWIzSk_FqDgYoZ4GhmjzarE8kYITX6-Hpuve/s400/Wayne_June_Flyer.png" width="308" height="400" data-original-width="693" data-original-height="901" /></a></div><br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "All-day DNA Seminar, June 29th, Denver Public Library," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 12 June 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
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© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-7908933544882206432019-05-20T17:20:00.000-05:002019-05-21T08:02:19.645-05:00Book Signing: Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case StudiesMany of the authors of <i>Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case Studies</i> autographed books at the US National Genealogical Society (NGS) and Ohio Genealogical Society (OGS) conferences held in May 2019. We really appreciate all of the kind words and enjoyed meeting so many readers! Thank you to everyone who bought books at the conference, who brought previously purchased books for us to sign, and also to those who did not want to cart around a big heavy book yet told us how much you enjoy the book or hope to when you receive it after ordering online.<br />
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Here are some of the photos I have from the three conferences I have attended since the book was released. We did not have books to sign at the FamilyTreeDNA conference, but we had one print proof to show to the attendees. Space considerations did not allow all of the authors at NGS to sign at one time so we staggered time slots to give everyone a chance to get signatures of all authors in attendance.<br />
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I hope some of you will send me photos of book signings at upcoming events I will not be able to attend. There will be book signing events at IGHR. Many of the authors will be in attendance at SoCal Jamboree and GRIP although I know of no planned signing events at those places yet. I'm hoping Debbie Kennett gets to sign books at the upcoming events in the UK and sends photos.<br />
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Jim Bartlett, Debbie Parker Wayne, and Patricia Lee Hobbs were all at the FamilyTreeDNA Project Administrator's conference in Houston in March:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirP-oApyDJfRc7ZaycjSA7IjW8yZ5QM9n0Ll21aMGgAyik7KZyjw9B9_1cxNH78geMq4NkMDKOZ4kVc7coZsXPNphYI-m7ezX6D-cZvhtrmR13sWifdUASaDIU-izY9mBz4tuQ0nFSerms/s1600/20190323_FTDNA_Bartlett_PLHDPWlo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirP-oApyDJfRc7ZaycjSA7IjW8yZ5QM9n0Ll21aMGgAyik7KZyjw9B9_1cxNH78geMq4NkMDKOZ4kVc7coZsXPNphYI-m7ezX6D-cZvhtrmR13sWifdUASaDIU-izY9mBz4tuQ0nFSerms/s320/20190323_FTDNA_Bartlett_PLHDPWlo.jpg" width="180" height="320" data-original-width="600" data-original-height="1067" /></a></div><br />
Michael Lacopo signed books at the OGS conference:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVfS5yFlgX7GF3aJBetvhSUw9EoYcSRuxB4cvR9YZbf3K3qxKAdTs8O5yerlmMdOH4Zw7_UyxOd-usNkcSxxMzcjADvfvlNGWZm5-3sXIS928Agj_orrX_9PJRHYgxte_eKEHfxz-CcvcX/s1600/201905_NGSogs_book_signLacopoOgs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVfS5yFlgX7GF3aJBetvhSUw9EoYcSRuxB4cvR9YZbf3K3qxKAdTs8O5yerlmMdOH4Zw7_UyxOd-usNkcSxxMzcjADvfvlNGWZm5-3sXIS928Agj_orrX_9PJRHYgxte_eKEHfxz-CcvcX/s320/201905_NGSogs_book_signLacopoOgs.jpg" width="320" height="287" data-original-width="1193" data-original-height="1071" /></a></div><br />
Blaine T. Bettinger and Judy G. Russell signed books at the NGS conference:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZHvSWBYkasJWsKQEKzOS36cPPib-SD7HZMIJUy6CtgpKmLC4SH26Ig-gASTF51OpCjzUpcNF75adhd5NtU-C0y3nJx5pytLbXgepcGc0RtBOw29pJWtdw3Urlg3o7T5ouNs1cyY7vTil0/s1600/201905_NGSogs_book_signBTB_JGR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZHvSWBYkasJWsKQEKzOS36cPPib-SD7HZMIJUy6CtgpKmLC4SH26Ig-gASTF51OpCjzUpcNF75adhd5NtU-C0y3nJx5pytLbXgepcGc0RtBOw29pJWtdw3Urlg3o7T5ouNs1cyY7vTil0/s320/201905_NGSogs_book_signBTB_JGR.jpg" width="320" height="248" data-original-width="960" data-original-height="744" /></a></div><br />
Patrica Lee Hobbs and Kimberly Powell signed books at the NGS conference:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5PaIUgyXilYirWmwMIvUlY_8yosxEjIzOPO2BL8291ocCCU6GE5v4AyknRKMDkQrQ_88PIG_4YtHcUwUfPi7HVXwqB0cPQTcHUq9YIFTes_EU7MRzMyhfMA4INWSN1-kP1p8_GERnkIzr/s1600/201905_NGSogs_book_signKP_PLH_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5PaIUgyXilYirWmwMIvUlY_8yosxEjIzOPO2BL8291ocCCU6GE5v4AyknRKMDkQrQ_88PIG_4YtHcUwUfPi7HVXwqB0cPQTcHUq9YIFTes_EU7MRzMyhfMA4INWSN1-kP1p8_GERnkIzr/s320/201905_NGSogs_book_signKP_PLH_2.jpg" width="320" height="240" data-original-width="1500" data-original-height="1126" /></a></div><br />
Thomas W. Jones and Karen Stanbary signed books at the NGS conference:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhspfu2F-rp4xRx4NKguJKCdvH8WWurOeGFQt4K7bLmZ7BNogD6tWyq5li8P93E9ZkqA70ra1ZPSNLatMYQHG-HYf0clVNyRjQ83bWhGearIWOBOIwVHbaV0WHmNUT1Q1X0IiGWyv3oKox3/s1600/201905_NGSogs_book_signTWJ_KS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhspfu2F-rp4xRx4NKguJKCdvH8WWurOeGFQt4K7bLmZ7BNogD6tWyq5li8P93E9ZkqA70ra1ZPSNLatMYQHG-HYf0clVNyRjQ83bWhGearIWOBOIwVHbaV0WHmNUT1Q1X0IiGWyv3oKox3/s320/201905_NGSogs_book_signTWJ_KS.jpg" width="320" height="228" data-original-width="978" data-original-height="698" /></a></div><br />
Karen Stanbary, Blaine T. Bettinger, and Debbie Parker Wayne signed books at the NGS conference:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmZW3EiJJm_2fBt95d1IszAohjvxiMwI1gi8VUDgS6PGrI-dPJJjFqm1Ade4yBHJXX6WHnKzsDA1rsB6HHCo2v6nRMq_kHFLcZVVqz2bD7a6vK3FZ9rGln9GpojotiT7nxu-s7qcZnUJSQ/s1600/201905_NGSogs_book_signKS_BTB_DPW.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmZW3EiJJm_2fBt95d1IszAohjvxiMwI1gi8VUDgS6PGrI-dPJJjFqm1Ade4yBHJXX6WHnKzsDA1rsB6HHCo2v6nRMq_kHFLcZVVqz2bD7a6vK3FZ9rGln9GpojotiT7nxu-s7qcZnUJSQ/s320/201905_NGSogs_book_signKS_BTB_DPW.jpg" width="311" height="320" data-original-width="1159" data-original-height="1193" /></a></div><br />
Those last two images also include my beaded representation of the first 36 base pairs of my actual mtDNA sequence. I created this a year or two ago to have an interesting display of DNA for events. As I have told several people, if I were going to do this again I would definitely hire an experienced beader and not try to do this myself! But I would love to see more crafty representations of DNA. Here, I used a bead whose color name starts with the same letter as the DNA chemicals represented: Amber = A = adenine, Cyan = C = Cytosine, Green = G = Guanine, and Tangerine = T = Thymine. Brown beads and the wire represent the sugars and phosphates.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6qEukYO5rdL8pnhQX4Zpx5UaGBkwjrQxE6srtrhDUe1T5mdH3XSI9T53YkJUYkflbB0IQ77mJIeIXG_CarOWqQxTE9gDw-fOfbU-HyejoIKSwF9xPWOXJA1i2GJeUmclm_YoO1eA9P6b2/s1600/DNA_bead_helix_image_description.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6qEukYO5rdL8pnhQX4Zpx5UaGBkwjrQxE6srtrhDUe1T5mdH3XSI9T53YkJUYkflbB0IQ77mJIeIXG_CarOWqQxTE9gDw-fOfbU-HyejoIKSwF9xPWOXJA1i2GJeUmclm_YoO1eA9P6b2/s320/DNA_bead_helix_image_description.jpg" width="156" height="320" data-original-width="782" data-original-height="1600" /></a></div><br />
Images from NGS and OGS conferences provided by Pat Gordon of Books and Things (<a href="http://www.mygenealogybooks.com/">http://www.mygenealogybooks.com/</a>) with permission to use. Many thanks to Pat and Bob Gordon of Books and Things for sponsoring our book signing events! Ordering from Books and Things supports our genealogical book sellers. Those outside of the US should consider buying through Amazon or your local book store as the cost of international shipping is prohibitive. Because this book is available through the Ingram book distributor catalog, any bookseller or library worldwide should be able to order the book using the ISBN 978-1-7336949-0-2.<br />
<br />
I am disappointed I cannot make it to IGHR, SoCal Jamboree, GRIP, and FGS to be able to sign more books, but some authors will be at all of those events. I will be at an all-day seminar in Denver, Colorado, on June 29th; the BCG Board meeting in SLC the first week in September; an all-day seminar in Plano, Texas, on September 28th; and the Texas State conference in Houston on October 11-13th. More will be available later as to which events will have book sellers there. Anyone who has a book can bring it to be signed. I hope to see many of you at upcoming events and I am sure the other authors are also looking forward to meeting more of our readers.<br />
<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/>2019-05-21: Changed one of the photos.<br />
<br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "Book Signing: Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case Studies," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 20 May 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-4652635664617673432019-05-20T12:52:00.000-05:002019-05-20T12:52:05.304-05:00Genetic Genealogy Abbreviations and Terms Quick ReferenceNow available, <i>Practical Genetic Genealogy Abbreviations and Terms Quick Reference</i> laminated guide.<br />
<br />
I was asked to compile a laminated quick reference guide for DNA and genetic genealogy abbreviations and terminology. Even though the ISOGG Wiki and other online sources contain much of this information, it seems many people prefer to have the information available in a laminated guide.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2V5qjMdX2cGnllkgW0v5eh2eA2B9gAocrT_FW-54doQuEWg2whJI2xvOlp6U4HXLO2hy61IHZbjx8NGs4hgO3kjiLLQSNQ_UGwl-qySoG87V6_4dEKMk_CXQq9m3cXHz-a8GJ7oMnXj71/s1600/DNAquickref_front_hires.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2V5qjMdX2cGnllkgW0v5eh2eA2B9gAocrT_FW-54doQuEWg2whJI2xvOlp6U4HXLO2hy61IHZbjx8NGs4hgO3kjiLLQSNQ_UGwl-qySoG87V6_4dEKMk_CXQq9m3cXHz-a8GJ7oMnXj71/s320/DNAquickref_front_hires.png" width="244" height="320" data-original-width="672" data-original-height="880" /></a></div><br />
This quick reference guide has several advantages over online access.<br />
<ol><li>The definitions needed by genealogical researchers are in one easy-to-access place.<br />
</li><li>Both beginner and intermediate level terms are included.<br />
</li><li>These are clearly-worded definitions that are easy for non-biologists to understand. I often receive praise for being able to explain DNA in a way that is easy to understand and I tried to continue that tradition here. <br />
</li><li>An image of my gingerbread men used to explain DNA inheritance patterns is included. I am constantly asked to provide color versions of this image to students. The image has two couples on the top row, a male and female child of the couples on the middle row, and four grandchildren on the bottom row. A "Y" represents the inheritance path of the Y chromosome through the family. An "O" represents the inheritance path of the mitochondrial DNA through the family. The left half of the gingerbread bodies represent one autosomal chromosome (for example, chromosome one) inherited from the father. The right half of the gingerbread bodies represent the corresponding autosomal chromosome inherited from the mother. The colors of the autosomal DNA represent randomly recombined chromosomes and the colors can be traced back to the great-grandparents not shown on the chart. The colors make it easy to see fully identical regions (FIR) and half identical regions (HIR) of DNA shared by the siblings in the bottom row.<br />
</li></ol><br />
The quick reference sheet is currently available from Books and Things (<a href="http://www.mygenealogybooks.com/">http://www.mygenealogybooks.com/</a>) priced with shipping included.<br />
<br />
<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "Genetic Genealogy Abbreviations and Terms Quick Reference," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 20 May 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-24383011319201662582019-03-23T23:10:00.000-05:002019-03-27T07:47:09.101-05:00Now available: Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case StudiesFor Immediate Release<br />
<br />
NEW ON DNA: <i>Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case Studies</i><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvwYbzjAuqm1H2SrVbf7gi4o8ROC3f3MLMFAMt07lhRNjnK4nZp30zBJykXNmdVqCqjQK0t7w2sManSWEiRiLSxVdFmruEATKr_0-HhdOYvdiqnkrHcXMAzvm5JgtLfHw6GhKgLNwEvhLY/s1600/cover_front380x498.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvwYbzjAuqm1H2SrVbf7gi4o8ROC3f3MLMFAMt07lhRNjnK4nZp30zBJykXNmdVqCqjQK0t7w2sManSWEiRiLSxVdFmruEATKr_0-HhdOYvdiqnkrHcXMAzvm5JgtLfHw6GhKgLNwEvhLY/s320/cover_front380x498.png" width="244" height="320" data-original-width="380" data-original-height="498" /></a></div><br />
More researchers than ever are using DNA for genealogy and adoption research. There are many books on this subject, but only <i>Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case Studies</i> works through actual cases showing how to use advanced analysis techniques and genealogy standards to get results.<br />
<br />
<i>Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case Studies</i> will help intermediate researchers move up to the next level and advanced researchers apply the new DNA standards and write about DNA. This new book offers an in-home course in advanced genetic genealogy. It includes about 400 pages, 136 images, most in full-color, and dozens of tables demonstrating analysis techniques, tracking of DNA information, and writing about DNA. Each of the fourteen chapters was written by a professional genealogist with DNA experience. <br />
<br />
Eight chapters study real families (some using anonymized identities), including methods, tools, and techniques.<br />
<ul><li>Jim Bartlett covers how to triangulate a genome (mapping DNA segments to ancestors). <br />
</li>
<li>Blaine T. Bettinger demonstrates visual phasing (mapping DNA segments to the grandparents who passed down a particular segment to descendants, even when the grandparents cannot be tested). <br />
</li>
<li>Kathryn J. Johnston shows how to use X-DNA to identify and confirm ancestral lines. <br />
</li>
<li>James M. Owston describes findings of the Owston Y-DNA project. <br />
</li>
<li>Melissa A. Johnson covers adoption and misattributed parentage research. <br />
</li>
<li>Kimberly T. Powell provides guidance (and hope!) for those researching families with endogamy and pedigree collapse. <br />
</li>
<li>Debbie Parker Wayne combines atDNA and Y-DNA in a Parker family study. <br />
</li>
<li>Ann Turner describes the raw DNA data and lab processes. <br />
</li>
</ul><br />
Three middle chapters cover genealogy standards as they relate to DNA and documentary evidence. <br />
<ul><li>Karen Stanbary applies the Genealogical Proof Standard (GPS) to genetic genealogy in a hypothetical unknown parentage case illustrating start-to-finish analysis. <br />
</li>
<li>Patricia Lee Hobbs uses atDNA to identify a real-life unknown ancestor and that ancestor's maiden name, moving back and forth between documentary and DNA evidence. <br />
</li>
<li>Thomas W. Jones describes best practices for genealogical writing and publishing incorporating DNA evidence. <br />
</li>
</ul><br />
Three concluding chapters deal with ethics, emotions, and the future. <br />
<ul><li>Judy G. Russell covers ethical issues and considerations. <br />
</li>
<li>Michael D. Lacopo describes the effect on relationships when family secrets are uncovered, surfacing issues for all concerned. <br />
</li>
<li>Debbie Kennett covers the current limitations and future promise of using DNA for genealogy. <br />
</li>
</ul>An extensive glossary, list of recommended resources, and index are included.<br />
<br />
<i>Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case Studies</i> will be available at Books and Things in the NGS conference exhibit hall, Booth 401 (near the front aisle). Reviews and order links for Amazon (print versions) are available at <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Advanced-Genetic-Genealogy-Techniques-Studies/dp/1733694900/">https://www.amazon.com/Advanced-Genetic-Genealogy-Techniques-Studies/dp/1733694900/</a> and other venues are available at <a href="http://debbiewayne.com/aggtcs/">http://debbiewayne.com/aggtcs/</a> (or at <a href="http://debbiewayne.com/">http://debbiewayne.com/</a> then click on Publications). <br />
<br />
A Kindle version is scheduled for May availability if all goes well. An announcement will be made when it is available.<br />
<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "Now available: Advanced Genetic Genealogy: Techniques and Case Studies," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 23 March 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-51393151793964236192019-03-10T11:19:00.001-05:002021-09-21T11:34:17.009-05:00DNA Standards - Part 8For "DNA Standards - Part 1" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html</a>. In the first part I paraphrased the standards for using DNA evidence for genealogy into bullet points.<br />
<br />
This is the post for "DNA Standards - Part 8."<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s1600/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s320/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" width="320" height="98" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="492" /></a> <a href="#fn1" name="refnum1"><sup>1</sup></a></div><br />
Prior bullets are discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li>for an introduction to the blog series on DNA standards see <a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html</a>
</li>
<li>test the right descendants with the right test(s) at the right company or companies to obtain the information needed to answer the research question (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>select matches and/or target-test others with the right test (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>analyze the DNA results accurately and in-depth (Standard 52) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>integrate the thoroughly researched and analyzed DNA and documentary evidence; logically sequence and clearly illustrate the DNA analysis and the documentary analysis in a written conclusion; accurately and completely cite all sources (Standards 1–8, 55, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>ensure enough people have tested to support the conclusion (Standard 53) (For "DNA Standards - Part 4" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html</a>.)</li>
<li>support every parent-child link in the line from all test takers to the hypothesized ancestors with documentary evidence (Standard 2) (For "DNA Standards - Part 5" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html</a>.) </li>
<li>identify familial relationships (where appropriate), present the conclusion as a genetic link only if the DNA supports that conclusion, explain any insufficient research (Standards 50, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 6" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html</a>.) </li>
<li>make the DNA data available for verification, as much as possible within the limits of test taker permissions (Standard 54) (For "DNA Standards - Part 7" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html</a>.) </li>
</ul><br />
<br />
In "DNA Standards - Part 8" I further discuss the final bullet. The main bullets indicate considerations when using DNA to help answer a research question; sub-items explain what is needed to accomplish the tasks defined in the main bullet:<br />
<br />
<ul><li><b>publish or share only as a living test taker’s permission allows (Standard 57) </b> <br />
<ul><li>deceased persons have no privacy rights; courtesy to living descendants might warrant anonymizing the identity of a deceased test taker</li>
<li>general information can be shared as long as the identifying information is hidden (such as when asking for assistance or when teaching how to use a site or tool)<br><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE0kJu9zmQURuBZudDA-bhp5ooFG2eHur5HoMB1wR9mRL4qmPsYVPDdYvJ6-ZtVLXv8k119HfMYKRMUuZ5GIYYa8egwMlmRl1IYKt18YORbpK0e_hi1fyviwSRcODxUVZTe7ov1CfpPWNJ/s1600/X1_fullsibs_2016-06-07_X_1to1aB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE0kJu9zmQURuBZudDA-bhp5ooFG2eHur5HoMB1wR9mRL4qmPsYVPDdYvJ6-ZtVLXv8k119HfMYKRMUuZ5GIYYa8egwMlmRl1IYKt18YORbpK0e_hi1fyviwSRcODxUVZTe7ov1CfpPWNJ/s320/X1_fullsibs_2016-06-07_X_1to1aB.jpg" width="320" height="51" data-original-width="1057" data-original-height="167" /></a></div></li>
<li>do not use a living person’s DNA results if they do not give permission (some disagree on whether inclusion in a public DNA project constitutes permission)<br />
</li>
<li>do not identify a living person if they do not give permission<br />
<ul><li>identities can be anonymized<br />
</li><li>anonymizing too many people in a study may make the conclusion questionable<br />
</li></ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul><br />
Unless you are working in a legal capacity where you may be held liable for misidentifying descendants you should be able to use whatever sources you wish to use. If you are publishing, your work will be subject to the requirements of the editor. If you are submitting a portfolio to BCG, your work will be subject to the requirements of BCG. You should contact those entities with your questions. <br />
<br />
There will always be disagreements about what constitutes proof. I have read articles in some of the premier genealogical journals that I do not think meet the threshold for the claims made. Obviously, the editors and peer-reviewers felt differently. Some of those articles were based only on documents and some included DNA. We will never all agree on exactly how much evidence is needed for proof and DNA does not change that fact.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s1600/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s320/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" width="208" height="320" data-original-width="324" data-original-height="499" /></a><br />
<br />
BCG, <i>Genealogy Standards</i>, 2nd ed. (Nashville: Ancestry, 2019)</div><br />
<b>GETTING OFFICIAL INFORMATION ON STANDARDS FROM BCG</b><br />
<br />
Only BCG provides official answers on what it expects to see in application portfolios. No one, not even members of the BCG Board of Trustees or associates helping at exhibit hall booths, speak officially for BCG. For specifics on what BCG expects to see in portfolios, please use BCG’s website, blog, newsletter, and other means of communication:<br />
<ul><li>BCG website at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/">https://bcgcertification.org/</a> has a “Contact BCG” link<br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>SpringBoard </i>blog at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/</a><br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>OnBoard</i> Newsletter of the Board for Certification of Genealogists has many articles available online at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/</a> or subscribe to receive current issues as published<br />
</li>
<li>BCG news announcement “Standards for DNA Evidence” dated 28 October 2018 at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/">https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/</a><br />
</li>
</ul><br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br /><br>
21 September 2021: added missing link to part 1.
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Standards - Part 8," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 10 March 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-87151758241259615962019-03-10T10:58:00.001-05:002019-03-10T11:25:49.288-05:00DNA Standards - Part 7For "DNA Standards - Part 1" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html</a>. In the first part I paraphrased the standards for using DNA evidence for genealogy into bullet points.<br />
<br />
This is the post for "DNA Standards - Part 7."<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s1600/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s320/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" width="320" height="98" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="492" /></a> <a href="#fn1" name="refnum1"><sup>1</sup></a></div><br />
Prior bullets are discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li>test the right descendants with the right test(s) at the right company or companies to obtain the information needed to answer the research question (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>select matches and/or target-test others with the right test (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>analyze the DNA results accurately and in-depth (Standard 52) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>integrate the thoroughly researched and analyzed DNA and documentary evidence; logically sequence and clearly illustrate the DNA analysis and the documentary analysis in a written conclusion; accurately and completely cite all sources (Standards 1–8, 55, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>ensure enough people have tested to support the conclusion (Standard 53) (For "DNA Standards - Part 4" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html</a>.)</li>
<li>support every parent-child link in the line from all test takers to the hypothesized ancestors with documentary evidence (Standard 2) (For "DNA Standards - Part 5" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html</a>.) </li>
<li>identify familial relationships (where appropriate), present the conclusion as a genetic link only if the DNA supports that conclusion, explain any insufficient research (Standards 50, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 6" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html</a>.) </li>
</ul><br />
<br />
In "DNA Standards - Part 7" I further discuss the eighth bullet. The main bullets indicate considerations when using DNA to help answer a research question; sub-items explain what is needed to accomplish the tasks defined in the main bullet:<br />
<br />
<ul><li><b>make the DNA data available for verification, as much as possible within the limits of test taker permissions (Standard 54)</b> <br />
<ul><li>depending on publication venue this might mean<br />
<ul><li>providing login information to an editor to confirm the DNA data (the password can be changed after the editor has completed the review)<br />
</li>
<li>asking test takers to upload to a public project (such as at FamilyTreeDNA where the test taker gives permission and the administrator sets project options for results to be displayed publicly)<br />
</li>
<li>asking test takers to upload to a publicly available third-party website (available to any internet user without logging in or requiring a login and password that any person can obtain)<br />
</li>
<li>providing screenshots of web pages with the DNA or match data<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
<li>if the DNA test results are not publicly shared or confirmed by an unbiased third party there is a risk that the author misinterpreted the DNA test results<br />
</li>
<li>if one or more test takers choose to remain unidentified the credibility of the conclusion should be evaluated with that person removed or anonymized<br />
</li>
<li>if one or more test takers choose to remain unidentified the essay may not meet the criteria for some publications nor be the best choice of work sample to demonstrate your analysis and correlation skill<br />
</li>
<li>just as we have always done with articles and work samples based on documentary sources, we must make judgments on credibility when using DNA sources<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><br />
<br />
Additional bullets will be discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li>publish or share only as a living test taker’s permission allows (Standard 57) (For "DNA Standards - Part 8" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html</a>.) </li>
</ul><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s1600/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s320/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" width="208" height="320" data-original-width="324" data-original-height="499" /></a><br />
<br />
BCG, <i>Genealogy Standards</i>, 2nd ed. (Nashville: Ancestry, 2019)</div><br />
<b>GETTING OFFICIAL INFORMATION ON STANDARDS FROM BCG</b><br />
<br />
Only BCG provides official answers on what it expects to see in application portfolios. No one, not even members of the BCG Board of Trustees or associates helping at exhibit hall booths, speak officially for BCG. For specifics on what BCG expects to see in portfolios, please use BCG’s website, blog, newsletter, and other means of communication:<br />
<ul><li>BCG website at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/">https://bcgcertification.org/</a> has a “Contact BCG” link<br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>SpringBoard </i>blog at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/</a><br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>OnBoard</i> Newsletter of the Board for Certification of Genealogists has many articles available online at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/</a> or subscribe to receive current issues as published<br />
</li>
<li>BCG news announcement “Standards for DNA Evidence” dated 28 October 2018 at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/">https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/</a><br />
</li>
</ul><br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Standards - Part 7," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 10 March 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-14445970162443632112019-03-10T10:19:00.000-05:002019-03-10T11:25:26.780-05:00DNA Standards - Part 6For "DNA Standards - Part 1" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html</a>. In the first part I paraphrased the standards for using DNA evidence for genealogy into bullet points.<br />
<br />
This is the post for "DNA Standards - Part 6."<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s1600/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s320/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" width="320" height="98" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="492" /></a> <a href="#fn1" name="refnum1"><sup>1</sup></a></div><br />
<br />
Prior bullets are discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li>test the right descendants with the right test(s) at the right company or companies to obtain the information needed to answer the research question (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>select matches and/or target-test others with the right test (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>analyze the DNA results accurately and in-depth (Standard 52) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>integrate the thoroughly researched and analyzed DNA and documentary evidence; logically sequence and clearly illustrate the DNA analysis and the documentary analysis in a written conclusion; accurately and completely cite all sources (Standards 1–8, 55, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>ensure enough people have tested to support the conclusion (Standard 53) (For "DNA Standards - Part 4" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html</a>.)</li>
<li>support every parent-child link in the line from all test takers to the hypothesized ancestors with documentary evidence (Standard 2) (For "DNA Standards - Part 5" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html</a>.) </li>
</ul><br />
In "DNA Standards - Part 6" I further discuss the seventh bullet. The main bullet indicates considerations when using DNA to help answer a research question; sub-items explain what is needed to accomplish the tasks defined in the main bullet:<br />
<br />
<ul><li><b>identify familial relationships (where appropriate), present the conclusion as a genetic link only if the DNA supports that conclusion, explain any insufficient research (Standards 50, 56, 65, 74)</b><br />
<ul><li>no researcher is required to use DNA, but, where available and appropriate, DNA is such a strong piece of evidence for biological relationships that ignoring it is imprudent<br />
<ul><li>trying to use atDNA to prove biological relationships further back than five to seven generations is not always possible, but sometimes is when random recombination results in segments remaining unbroken over several generations (you do not know what you will find until you look)</li>
<li>trying to use Y-DNA or mtDNA is not always possible if no living test takers have the Y-DNA or mtDNA of interest to this research question or if those with the DNA needed are not willing to test</li>
</ul></li>
<li>no researcher is required to use DNA, but not using DNA when trying to prove a biological or genetic relationship will make many suspect the conclusion may not be accurate <br />
<ul><li>researchers who have not yet learned to use DNA may take this risk (no DNA police will come knocking on your door, but knowledgeable researchers may wonder why DNA was not used)</li>
<li>researchers who have not yet learned to use DNA may hire someone who has educated themselves on using this source (just as one might hire a German researcher for research in Germany, a photographic expert for photo repairs, or an editor for a book)<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
<li>if DNA is not available because there are no living test takers or none willing to test, indicating this informs the reader that DNA was considered and is not available<br />
<ul><li>no living test takers with the right DNA is similar to the records being burned in a courthouse fire</li>
<li>no person willing to test is similar to the source being held in a repository that restricts access <br />
<li>we have dealt with these issues with paper records for years and can apply the same logic to DNA <br />
</li><br />
</ul></li>
<li>if DNA evidence is not considered, knowing the rate of misattributed parentage seen in most lines, reasonable researchers may conclude a genetic or biological relationship is not proven<br />
</li>
<li>if no specific familial relationships is specified and if DNA is not used, reasonable researchers may conclude a genetic or biological relationship is not proven even if such a relationship is implied<br />
</li>
<ul><li>just as genealogists have always done when documentary evidence was not strong enough to “prove” a relationship, one can indicate “DNA evidence is not available because of XYZ, all of the documentary evidence available supports a conclusion that John Doe is the father of William Doe” or “John Doe named his son William in his will” or dozens of other ways this can be indicated without implying a DNA test supports the conclusion or using words other than the ones we traditionally use to define relationships<br />
</li>
<li>some researchers think an explicit statement should be made of the relationship type being asserted; some think, in the absence of a stated relationship type, the sources used make an implicit statement<br />
</li>
<li>some think we have always asserted biological relationships without DNA evidence and should still be able to do so; some think today’s technology means there is a paradigm shift that should be embraced<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul><br />
These discussions are likely to continue for the next few years or longer. In my time in the genealogical world, the same kinds of discussions took place when computers first began being used and again when so many records became available online. The genealogical community made it through those changes which were major transitions in how we work. I suspect we will make it through this "crisis" in time to be poised for the next one that will surely come. <br />
<br />
Additional bullets will be discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li>make the DNA data available for verification, as much as possible within the limits of test taker permissions (Standard 54) (For "DNA Standards - Part 7" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html</a>.) </li>
<li>publish or share only as a living test taker’s permission allows (Standard 57) (For "DNA Standards - Part 8" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html</a>.) </li>
</ul><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s1600/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s320/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" width="208" height="320" data-original-width="324" data-original-height="499" /></a><br />
<br />
BCG, <i>Genealogy Standards</i>, 2nd ed. (Nashville: Ancestry, 2019)</div><br />
<b>GETTING OFFICIAL INFORMATION ON STANDARDS FROM BCG</b><br />
<br />
Only BCG provides official answers on what it expects to see in application portfolios. No one, not even members of the BCG Board of Trustees or associates helping at exhibit hall booths, speak officially for BCG. For specifics on what BCG expects to see in portfolios, please use BCG’s website, blog, newsletter, and other means of communication:<br />
<ul><li>BCG website at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/">https://bcgcertification.org/</a> has a “Contact BCG” link<br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>SpringBoard </i>blog at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/</a><br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>OnBoard</i> Newsletter of the Board for Certification of Genealogists has many articles available online at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/</a> or subscribe to receive current issues as published<br />
</li>
<li>BCG news announcement “Standards for DNA Evidence” dated 28 October 2018 at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/">https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/</a><br />
</li>
</ul><br />
<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Standards - Part 6," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 10 March 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-37251564473538131972019-03-08T11:02:00.002-06:002019-03-10T11:24:59.100-05:00DNA Standards - Part 5For "DNA Standards - Part 1" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html</a>. In the first part I paraphrased the standards for using DNA evidence for genealogy into bullet points.<br />
<br />
This is the post for "DNA Standards - Part 5."<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s1600/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s320/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" width="320" height="98" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="492" /></a> <a href="#fn1" name="refnum1"><sup>1</sup></a></div><br />
<br />
Prior bullets are discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li>test the right descendants with the right test(s) at the right company or companies to obtain the information needed to answer the research question (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>select matches and/or target-test others with the right test (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>analyze the DNA results accurately and in-depth (Standard 52) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>integrate the thoroughly researched and analyzed DNA and documentary evidence; logically sequence and clearly illustrate the DNA analysis and the documentary analysis in a written conclusion; accurately and completely cite all sources (Standards 1–8, 55, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>ensure enough people have tested to support the conclusion (Standard 53) (For "DNA Standards - Part 4" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html</a>.)</li>
</ul><br />
In "DNA Standards - Part 5" I further discuss the sixth bullet. The main bullet indicates considerations when using DNA to help answer a research question; sub-items explain what is needed to accomplish the tasks defined in the main bullet:<br />
<br />
<ul><li><b>support every parent-child link in the line from all test takers to the hypothesized ancestors with documentary evidence (Standard 2)</b> <br />
<ul><li>this applies to all parent-child links in all lines in our study group (even the parent-child links we see in someone else's online tree) and not only the line from the main/focus test taker back to the hypothesized common ancestor <br />
</li>
<li>this evidence may be presented in the narrative; the reader will likely be able to follow more easily if the evidence is summarized below a descendant chart<br />
</li>
<li>my preferred method is to use note references as seen in the image below (a, b, and so on); locating the footnote letter or number in the chart and in the list of citations is much easier for me than reading "For parentage of person XYZ see [list of documents]" then finding person XYZ in a chart; the reference numbers are much easier to locate than names, especially when a writer does not use the same exact name in the chart and the text <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRZlenwBT662vCh9BBYJ82BTIGq-RSnf2ronky_imtwoZMu1Figx-NU7HqfNR7EijIE3AP6hI1WpEgkoDwgeQGmPojImdZosJUkxw9bndxhIR6UPPCjJdk91MC8GoxPHFf8Z69Z7QFMjXt/s1600/pedigree_notes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRZlenwBT662vCh9BBYJ82BTIGq-RSnf2ronky_imtwoZMu1Figx-NU7HqfNR7EijIE3AP6hI1WpEgkoDwgeQGmPojImdZosJUkxw9bndxhIR6UPPCjJdk91MC8GoxPHFf8Z69Z7QFMjXt/s320/pedigree_notes.jpg" width="320" height="265" data-original-width="743" data-original-height="616" /></a></div></li>
<li>some publication venues may only need one or two sources to support each parent-child link; more sources may be needed to illustrate thorough research meeting the GPS <br />
</li>
<li>if no documentary evidence for a link can be found, explain what records were searched, search criteria used, any theory as to why no documents support this link, and why this link may be true in the face of no supporting documentary evidence <br />
</li>
<li>some parent-child links might ultimately be based on DNA evidence, but a thorough search for the documentary evidence should be demonstrated<br />
</li>
<li>for a large study group we may be able to use genetic networks to support some of the links so that we still have time to research our own family tree and extend it (as opposed to spending all of our time researching the trees of our DNA matches); some time researching the trees or adequately documenting the trees of others will be necessary, but we all need to manage our time to achieve our own goals most efficiently<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><br />
<br />
Additional bullets will be discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li>identify familial relationships (where appropriate), present the conclusion as a genetic link only if the DNA supports that conclusion, explain any insufficient research (Standards 50, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 6" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html</a>.) </li>
<li>make the DNA data available for verification, as much as possible within the limits of test taker permissions (Standard 54) (For "DNA Standards - Part 7" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html</a>.) </li>
<li>publish or share only as a living test taker’s permission allows (Standard 57) (For "DNA Standards - Part 8" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html</a>.) </li>
</ul><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s1600/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s320/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" width="208" height="320" data-original-width="324" data-original-height="499" /></a><br />
<br />
BCG, <i>Genealogy Standards</i>, 2nd ed. (Nashville: Ancestry, 2019)</div><br />
<b>GETTING OFFICIAL INFORMATION ON STANDARDS FROM BCG</b><br />
<br />
Only BCG provides official answers on what it expects to see in application portfolios. No one, not even members of the BCG Board of Trustees or associates helping at exhibit hall booths, speak officially for BCG. For specifics on what BCG expects to see in portfolios, please use BCG’s website, blog, newsletter, and other means of communication:<br />
<ul><li>BCG website at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/">https://bcgcertification.org/</a> has a “Contact BCG” link<br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>SpringBoard </i>blog at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/</a><br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>OnBoard</i> Newsletter of the Board for Certification of Genealogists has many articles available online at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/</a> or subscribe to receive current issues as published<br />
</li>
<li>BCG news announcement “Standards for DNA Evidence” dated 28 October 2018 at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/">https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/</a><br />
</li>
</ul><br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Standards - Part 5," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 8 March 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-81271216543100012212019-03-05T10:39:00.000-06:002019-03-10T11:24:35.264-05:00DNA Standards - Part 4For "DNA Standards - Part 1" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html</a>. In the first part I paraphrased the standards for using DNA evidence for genealogy into bullet points.<br />
<br />
This is the post for "DNA Standards - Part 4."<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s1600/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s320/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" width="320" height="98" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="492" /></a> <a href="#fn1" name="refnum1"><sup>1</sup></a></div><br />
<br />
Prior bullets are discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li>test the right descendants with the right test(s) at the right company or companies to obtain the information needed to answer the research question (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>select matches and/or target-test others with the right test (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>analyze the DNA results accurately and in-depth (Standard 52) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>integrate the thoroughly researched and analyzed DNA and documentary evidence; logically sequence and clearly illustrate the DNA analysis and the documentary analysis in a written conclusion; accurately and completely cite all sources (Standards 1–8, 55, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
</ul><br />
In "DNA Standards - Part 4" I further discuss the fifth bullet. The main bullet indicates considerations when using DNA to help answer a research question; sub-items explain what is needed to accomplish the tasks defined in the main bullet:<br />
<br />
<ul><li><b>ensure enough people have tested to support the conclusion (Standard 53)</b> <br />
<ul><li>may require documenting living descendants from multiple children of a focus ancestor or ancestral couple then asking them to test<br />
</li>
<li>in general, the more generations back to the hypothesized common ancestor or the more possible shared lines, the more test takers needed<br />
</li>
<li>no one can say that, in all circumstances, you need two or three or six pieces of documentary evidence to have strong evidence for a conclusion because no one knows ahead of time what information will be found in which sources or how credible that information will be; the same applies to DNA evidence<br />
</li>
<li>exactly how many test takers are needed will vary depending on how many generations it is back to the hypothesized common ancestor and how many lines are traced down from those ancestors<br />
</li>
<li>consider whether additional tests or higher resolution tests for those test takers found in earlier research might more strongly support a conclusion<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><br />
<br />
Additional bullets will be discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li>support every parent-child link in the line from all test takers to the hypothesized ancestors with documentary evidence (Standard 2) (For "DNA Standards - Part 5" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>identify familial relationships (where appropriate), present the conclusion as a genetic link only if the DNA supports that conclusion, explain any insufficient research (Standards 50, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 6" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html</a>.) </li>
<li>make the DNA data available for verification, as much as possible within the limits of test taker permissions (Standard 54) (For "DNA Standards - Part 7" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html</a>.) </li>
<li>publish or share only as a living test taker’s permission allows (Standard 57) (For "DNA Standards - Part 8" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html</a>.) </li>
</ul><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s1600/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s320/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" width="208" height="320" data-original-width="324" data-original-height="499" /></a><br />
<br />
BCG, <i>Genealogy Standards</i>, 2nd ed. (Nashville: Ancestry, 2019)</div><br />
<b>GETTING OFFICIAL INFORMATION ON STANDARDS FROM BCG</b><br />
<br />
Only BCG provides official answers on what it expects to see in application portfolios. No one, not even members of the BCG Board of Trustees or associates helping at exhibit hall booths, speak officially for BCG. For specifics on what BCG expects to see in portfolios, please use BCG’s website, blog, newsletter, and other means of communication:<br />
<ul><li>BCG website at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/">https://bcgcertification.org/</a> has a “Contact BCG” link<br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>SpringBoard </i>blog at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/</a><br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>OnBoard</i> Newsletter of the Board for Certification of Genealogists has many articles available online at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/</a> or subscribe to receive current issues as published<br />
</li>
<li>BCG news announcement “Standards for DNA Evidence” dated 28 October 2018 at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/">https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/</a><br />
</li>
</ul><br />
<br />
<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Standards - Part 4," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 5 March 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-73748939150310286852019-03-04T19:56:00.000-06:002019-03-10T11:23:59.609-05:00DNA Standards - Part 3For "DNA Standards - Part 1" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html</a>. In the first part I paraphrased the standards for using DNA evidence for genealogy into bullet points.<br />
<br />
This is the post for "DNA Standards - Part 3."<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s1600/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s320/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" width="320" height="98" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="492" /></a> <a href="#fn1" name="refnum1"><sup>1</sup></a></div><br />
<br />
Prior bullets are discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li><b>test the right descendants with the right test(s) at the right company or companies to obtain the information needed to answer the research question (Standard 51)</b> (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li><b>select matches and/or target-test others with the right test (Standard 51)</b> (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
</ul>In "DNA Standards - Part 3" I further discuss the third and fourth bullets. The main bullets indicate considerations when using DNA to help answer a research question; sub-items explain what is needed to accomplish the tasks defined in the main bullet:<br />
<br />
<ul><li><b>analyze the DNA results accurately and in-depth (Standard 52)</b> (Y-DNA STRs or SNPs; atDNA and X-DNA shared total DNA—shared, triangulated, or mapped segments, or genetic networks; mtDNA regions or locations; Y-DNA or mtDNA haplogroups; atDNA ethnicity estimates)<br />
<ul><li>requires more in-depth understanding of the tools offered by testing companies and third-parties and how to accurately use those tools<br />
</li>
<li>may require correspondence with people to ask them about test taker links to ancestors or for permission to use third-party tools<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
<li><b>integrate the thoroughly researched and analyzed DNA and documentary evidence; logically sequence and clearly illustrate the DNA analysis and the documentary analysis in a written conclusion; accurately and completely cite all sources (Standards 1–8, 55, 56, 65, 74)</b><br />
<ul><li>write up the documentary evidence<br />
</li>
<li>explain why DNA is needed and give only as much DNA background as needed for this project (for example, if this case uses only Y-DNA evidence there is probably no need to explain what mtDNA and atDNA are)<br />
</li>
<li>explain the DNA evidence, correlating the shared DNA and/or mutations using tables and lineage charts<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><br />
<br />
Additional bullets will be discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li>ensure enough people have tested to support the conclusion (Standard 53) (For "DNA Standards - Part 4" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>support every parent-child link in the line from all test takers to the hypothesized ancestors with documentary evidence (Standard 2) (For "DNA Standards - Part 5" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>identify familial relationships (where appropriate), present the conclusion as a genetic link only if the DNA supports that conclusion, explain any insufficient research (Standards 50, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 6" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html</a>.) </li>
<li>make the DNA data available for verification, as much as possible within the limits of test taker permissions (Standard 54) (For "DNA Standards - Part 7" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html</a>.) </li>
<li>publish or share only as a living test taker’s permission allows (Standard 57) (For "DNA Standards - Part 8" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html</a>.) </li>
</ul><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s1600/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s320/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" width="208" height="320" data-original-width="324" data-original-height="499" /></a><br />
<br />
BCG, <i>Genealogy Standards</i>, 2nd ed. (Nashville: Ancestry, 2019)</div><br />
<b>GETTING OFFICIAL INFORMATION ON STANDARDS FROM BCG</b><br />
<br />
Only BCG provides official answers on what it expects to see in application portfolios. No one, not even members of the BCG Board of Trustees or associates helping at exhibit hall booths, speak officially for BCG. For specifics on what BCG expects to see in portfolios, please use BCG’s website, blog, newsletter, and other means of communication:<br />
<ul><li>BCG website at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/">https://bcgcertification.org/</a> has a “Contact BCG” link<br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>SpringBoard </i>blog at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/</a><br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>OnBoard</i> Newsletter of the Board for Certification of Genealogists has many articles available online at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/</a> or subscribe to receive current issues as published<br />
</li>
<li>BCG news announcement “Standards for DNA Evidence” dated 28 October 2018 at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/">https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/</a><br />
</li>
</ul><br />
<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Standards - Part 3," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 4 March 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-51736648195742489142019-03-04T19:45:00.000-06:002019-03-10T11:23:29.245-05:00DNA Standards - Part 2 For "DNA Standards - Part 1" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-1.html</a>. In the first part I paraphrased the standards for using DNA evidence for genealogy into bullet points.<br />
<br />
This is the post for "DNA Standards - Part 2."<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s1600/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s320/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" width="320" height="98" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="492" /></a> <a href="#fn1" name="refnum1"><sup>1</sup></a></div><br />
In "DNA Standards - Part 2" I further discuss the first two bullets. The main bullets indicate considerations when using DNA to help answer a research question; sub-items explain what is needed to accomplish the tasks defined in the main bullet:<br />
<br />
<ul><li><b>test the right descendants with the right test(s) at the right company or companies to obtain the information needed to answer the research question (Standard 51)</b><br />
<ul><li>requires identification of living person(s) likely to have the DNA needed to answer the research question<br />
</li>
<li>requires an understanding of the inheritance path for each type of DNA (Y-DNA, mtDNA, atDNA, X-DNA)<br />
</li>
<li>requires an understanding of the different tests offered by each company<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
<li><b>select matches and/or target-test others with the right test (Standard 51)</b><br />
<ul><li>requires understanding the tools offered by testing companies and third-parties and how to accurately use those tools<br />
</li>
<li>may require correspondence with people to ask them to take a test (which requires understanding the cultural norms that might affect responses)<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>Additional bullets will be discussed in other parts of this series:<br />
<ul><li>analyze the DNA results accurately and in-depth (Standard 52) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>integrate the thoroughly researched and analyzed DNA and documentary evidence; logically sequence and clearly illustrate the DNA analysis and the documentary analysis in a written conclusion; accurately and completely cite all sources (Standards 1–8, 55, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>ensure enough people have tested to support the conclusion (Standard 53) (For "DNA Standards - Part 4" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>support every parent-child link in the line from all test takers to the hypothesized ancestors with documentary evidence (Standard 2) (For "DNA Standards - Part 5" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>identify familial relationships (where appropriate), present the conclusion as a genetic link only if the DNA supports that conclusion, explain any insufficient research (Standards 50, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 6" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html</a>.) </li>
<li>make the DNA data available for verification, as much as possible within the limits of test taker permissions (Standard 54) (For "DNA Standards - Part 7" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html</a>.) </li>
<li>publish or share only as a living test taker’s permission allows (Standard 57) (For "DNA Standards - Part 8" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html</a>.) </li>
</ul><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s1600/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s320/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" width="208" height="320" data-original-width="324" data-original-height="499" /></a><br />
<br />
BCG, <i>Genealogy Standards</i>, 2nd ed. (Nashville: Ancestry, 2019)</div><br />
<b>GETTING OFFICIAL INFORMATION ON STANDARDS FROM BCG</b><br />
<br />
Only BCG provides official answers on what it expects to see in application portfolios. No one, not even members of the BCG Board of Trustees or associates helping at exhibit hall booths, speak officially for BCG. For specifics on what BCG expects to see in portfolios, please use BCG’s website, blog, newsletter, and other means of communication:<br />
<ul><li>BCG website at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/">https://bcgcertification.org/</a> has a “Contact BCG” link<br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>SpringBoard </i>blog at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/</a><br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>OnBoard</i> Newsletter of the Board for Certification of Genealogists has many articles available online at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/</a> or subscribe to receive current issues as published<br />
</li>
<li>BCG news announcement “Standards for DNA Evidence” dated 28 October 2018 at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/">https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/</a><br />
</li>
</ul><br />
<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Standards - Part 2," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 4 March 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-7771193900820026112019-03-04T09:52:00.000-06:002019-03-10T11:22:27.858-05:00DNA Standards - Part 1Tomorrow is the big day when the 2019 version of <i>Genealogy Standards</i> starts shipping. This second edition of the book adds standards specifically for using DNA.<br />
<br />
Read more and preorder your copy through the Board for Certification of Genealogists (BCG) at https://bcgcertification.org/product/genealogy-standards-2d-edition/. As an Amazon Associate, BCG earns a small commission from purchases of this volume using this link: https://amzn.to/2XwKr5W.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s1600/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ7E8YmRDnhSD4_jVACk6qp6KtK9POMeAZaZ2gxZu2-NpWU8Ssr3cLElP9nvxJUVoV9FT1_2XIID5s8RsDSJaafMIZgkp5UI3CnTtWU2zkAKNOudqZS9FVz56hYdyGRhntN2im1NzXXuJo/s320/Amazon_cover_image_.jpg" width="208" height="320" data-original-width="324" data-original-height="499" /></a><br />
<br />
BCG, <i>Genealogy Standards</i>, 2nd ed. (Nashville: Ancestry, 2019)</div><br />
For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.<br />
<br />
For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.<br />
<br />
For "DNA Standards - Part 4" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html</a>.<br />
<br />
For "DNA Standards - Part 5" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html</a>.<br />
<br />
<b>GETTING OFFICIAL INFORMATION ON STANDARDS FROM BCG</b><br />
<br />
Only BCG provides official answers on what it expects to see in application portfolios. No one, not even members of the BCG Board of Trustees or associates helping at exhibit hall booths, speak officially for BCG. For specifics on what BCG expects to see in portfolios, please use BCG’s website, blog, newsletter, and other means of communication:<br />
<ul><li>BCG website at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/">https://bcgcertification.org/</a> has a “Contact BCG” link<br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>SpringBoard </i>blog at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/springboard/</a><br />
</li>
<li>BCG <i>OnBoard</i> Newsletter of the Board for Certification of Genealogists has many articles available online at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/">https://bcgcertification.org/learning/skills/onboard/</a> or subscribe to receive current issues as published<br />
</li>
<li>BCG news announcement “Standards for DNA Evidence” dated 28 October 2018 at <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/">https://bcgcertification.org/standards-for-dna-evidence/</a><br />
</li>
</ul><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s1600/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3nZSRxaWi0yq60KXUqHPSlBSr4_YaFvCEhcG3ewofZE9l4nfm0S_nlYx5X9fGhHyHtiJqMKSsBcjmW4MCOBV61rEAmWysxfgnoGHCsQXjDmvzx-j0dJO7gpOdi2Y9ANJ1wFgFaoaVcPDM/s320/DNAhelix_silhouette-3691934_pixabay_brown6shadowHORZNTL.png" width="320" height="98" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="492" /></a> <a href="#fn1" name="refnum1"><sup>1</sup></a></div><br />
<b>A PRACTITIONER'S INTERPRETATION OF THE STANDARDS FOR DNA</b><br />
<br />
The following presents opinions and interpretations of the standards by Debbie Parker Wayne. This is one interpretation as to how the <i>Genealogy Standards</i> can be applied by all genealogical researchers using DNA. No genealogy or DNA police will come knocking on your door if you disagree with this interpretation and have your own preference on what to do. <br />
<br />
When we first began discussing standards for DNA, my own goal was to provide guidance for the genealogists using DNA, not to force every genealogist to use DNA (even though I think all should when DNA can contribute to the evidence that answers a question). DNA findings can overturn any conclusions about family relationships. So can many of the other record types that we use every day. <br />
<br />
I believe any good genealogical researcher can learn to use DNA. Nevertheless, it takes education and practice to become proficient at DNA analysis. Not all good genealogists have yet had time to obtain that education and practice analysis using their own families. However, ignoring DNA test results when researching kinship questions is akin to ignoring any other record type—census, deeds, probate, Bible records, and so on. Researchers should learn to use all applicable records or obtain assistance to analyze those records. Again, the DNA police are not going to force anyone to do so; however, I think most researchers want to be sure the parent-child links in a pedigree are correct and will eventually use DNA for confirmation.<br />
<br />
Even if tests and tools change, the standards provide guidance and best practices we can all use as we incorporate DNA analysis into our research. The updated <i>Genealogy Standards</i> indicate the following things are necessary when using DNA to help answer a research question (paraphrased, reorganized, and simplified from what is in the book):<br />
<ul><li>test the right descendants with the right test(s) at the right company or companies to obtain the information needed to answer the research question (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>select matches and/or target-test others with the right test (Standard 51) (For "DNA Standards - Part 2" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-2.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>analyze the DNA results accurately and in-depth (Standard 52) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>integrate the thoroughly researched and analyzed DNA and documentary evidence; logically sequence and clearly illustrate the DNA analysis and the documentary analysis in a written conclusion; accurately and completely cite all sources (Standards 1–8, 55, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 3" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-3.html</a>.)<br />
</li>
<li>ensure enough people have tested to support the conclusion (Standard 53) (For "DNA Standards - Part 4" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-4.html</a>.)</li>
<li>support every parent-child link in the line from all test takers to the hypothesized ancestors with documentary evidence (Standard 2) (For "DNA Standards - Part 5" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-5.html</a>.) </li>
<li>identify familial relationships (where appropriate), present the conclusion as a genetic link only if the DNA supports that conclusion, explain any insufficient research (Standards 50, 56, 65, 74) (For "DNA Standards - Part 6" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-6.html</a>.) </li>
<li>make the DNA data available for verification, as much as possible within the limits of test taker permissions (Standard 54) (For "DNA Standards - Part 7" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-7.html</a>.) </li>
<li>publish or share only as a living test taker’s permission allows (Standard 57) (For "DNA Standards - Part 8" see <a href="https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html">https://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2019/03/dna-standards-part-8.html</a>.) </li>
</ul><br />
There are many genealogical questions that can be answered without DNA evidence. However, if DNA is used these things should be considered along with all the standards that are not specific to using DNA.<br />
<br />
Each of these bullet items will be discussed further in separate posts. The last three bullets seem to be causing the most discussion between genealogists.<br />
<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<br />
<a href="#refnum1" name="fn1">1. </a>mohamed_hassan, DNA helix, <i>Pixabay</i> (https://pixabay.com/en/silhouette-dna-biology-medicine-3691934); Pixabay license, image modified by Debbie Parker Wayne.<br />
<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Standards - Part 1," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 4 March 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-58152605412325250362019-01-12T13:47:00.000-06:002019-01-13T10:42:53.945-06:00ConnectedDNA Graphs and CluesI have been missing out on the excitement of network graph analysis for my DNA matches. While everyone else was playing with genetic network graphs, I was busy with another project. I could not stop to learn how to use Gephi (<a href="https://gephi.org/">https://gephi.org/</a>) or Google Fusion (<a href="https://fusiontables.google.com/">https://fusiontables.google.com/</a>) or NodeXL (<a href="http://www.smrfoundation.org/nodexl/installation/">http://www.smrfoundation.org/nodexl/installation/</a>) to create graphs.<br />
<br />
Shelley Crawford first documented the methods to create a genetic network graph using Excel and NodeXL. See her method beginning at <a href="http://twigsofyore.blogspot.com/2017/07/visualising-ancestry-dna-matchespart.html">Visualising Ancestry DNA matches–Part 1–Getting ready</a>. Recently, I discovered Shelley's company <a href="https://www.connecteddna.com/">ConnectedDNA</a> selling charts she creates using custom code, Gephi, and data the customer supplies (or, optionally, AncestryDNA data that Shelley downloads using ‘viewer’ permission). <br />
<br />
This is exciting! I can justify paying someone else to do the hard work for me while I finish my other tasks. I can make time to play with the graphs created by someone else. Thank you, Shelley.<br />
<br />
The first part of this post (Product 1) is similar to what others have posted on their graph analysis. The second part of this post (Product 2) is something you may not have seen yet—graphs created using half sibling matches.<br />
<br />
<h1>Product 1. Single profile graph using AncestryDNA data</h1>My first purchase was a "Single profile graph" using one person's AncestryDNA data. <br />
<br />
I used the <a href="http://dnagedcom.com/">DNAGedcom</a> Client to download my matches and ICW files from AncestryDNA using the options recommended by <a href="https://www.connecteddna.com/">ConnectedDNA</a> on the order page. After placing my order I received instructions on how to provide the files to <a href="https://www.connecteddna.com/">ConnectedDNA</a>.<br />
<br />
After processing by <a href="https://www.connecteddna.com/">ConnectedDNA</a>, I received PDFs and images of two graphs—a Network Map and a Group Map—and a Match file spreadsheet (XLSX) file. The spreadsheet contains information added by ConnectedDNA beyond what was in the DNAGedcom Client file.<br />
<br />
<h2>Network Map Graph</h2>At a shared match size threshold of 30 cM, the Network Graph includes 1,006 people (each represented by a colored dot on the graph), with 13,556 lines between them. An image of the full graph is shown here with no names displayed.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8u678wqXXaaLQaJ8931oFf3bwMJ2DDL9U972ZwVntZAA8i0FPx_gDNk5yBVIDUI2oulUkvWt0jRaC1VFVgW_aNVOdRfXixn0w2CILUaWwKqYWXsQuKabqB5n4oFm-xnCLi4hP_F_byLtp/s1600/Network_Anc_DJP201812_lo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8u678wqXXaaLQaJ8931oFf3bwMJ2DDL9U972ZwVntZAA8i0FPx_gDNk5yBVIDUI2oulUkvWt0jRaC1VFVgW_aNVOdRfXixn0w2CILUaWwKqYWXsQuKabqB5n4oFm-xnCLi4hP_F_byLtp/s320/Network_Anc_DJP201812_lo.jpg" width="320" height="320" data-original-width="400" data-original-height="400" /></a></div><br />
<br />
Names are visible when zoomed in on the PDF. The name labels are blurred here on this small section of the graph extracted from the group of brown dots in the upper left of the image above. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnNG3O25u5RCSkJ4x5wRdMd-TnFF8XK9Oc2Rox_pRuE5aEALx2qPi2jXc1n-rOhyphenhyphen9pLeQIgvZchUO5ERSns3tWF2ywfA_geYEnK406Z7BUXgJt5WRI5S17n_au8P5vr3q8aIVXFGP7zkrK/s1600/Network_Anc_DJP201812cropanon_lo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnNG3O25u5RCSkJ4x5wRdMd-TnFF8XK9Oc2Rox_pRuE5aEALx2qPi2jXc1n-rOhyphenhyphen9pLeQIgvZchUO5ERSns3tWF2ywfA_geYEnK406Z7BUXgJt5WRI5S17n_au8P5vr3q8aIVXFGP7zkrK/s320/Network_Anc_DJP201812cropanon_lo.jpg" width="320" height="221" data-original-width="400" data-original-height="276" /></a></div><br />
<br />
The PDF is searchable allowing me to locate matching test takers by name. The size of the colored dots is based on the amount of shared DNA. Bigger dots are likely more closely related. Each line represents a relationship (shared DNA) between two people.<br />
<br />
I can label the ancestral lines containing the names of matches where the common ancestor has been identified. It is likely that I share that same line with others in the same group (same color). This is a clue as to where to focus research for a common ancestor for matches in this group. I can annotate the graph with the ancestral surnames associated with each colored group as shown in the image below.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSWgKPX5Rx1ejDyDggBv2R2xH63z3-c4q6CaFUPfF5peUoIAoRXoZ6_PTPvHI4IOiGYA5WTF7LWjcZRF2E8AnoaTe78oQtHUZ9COj6eXCLk4XTleTS9tQAlGxuOXPXyw1v30ZNELarqjIN/s1600/Network_Anc_DJP201812anotated_lo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSWgKPX5Rx1ejDyDggBv2R2xH63z3-c4q6CaFUPfF5peUoIAoRXoZ6_PTPvHI4IOiGYA5WTF7LWjcZRF2E8AnoaTe78oQtHUZ9COj6eXCLk4XTleTS9tQAlGxuOXPXyw1v30ZNELarqjIN/s320/Network_Anc_DJP201812anotated_lo.jpg" width="311" height="320" data-original-width="500" data-original-height="514" /></a></div><br />
The groupings can lead to genealogical discoveries. The "Anderson-McSpadden" cluster is purple. Some purple dots are outside of the main cluster and have lines linking them to the "Johnson" and "Richards" clusters. These outlier circles are marked as "Johnson-Richards and Anderson-McSpadden" and represent people that I share two ancestral lines with. A pair of Richards siblings married two Anderson first cousins. There is cross-over here in shared DNA between my maternal grandfather’s line (Anderson-McSpadden) and maternal grandmother’s line (Johnson-Richards) that is clearly reflected in the graph by the "Johnson-Richards and Anderson-McSpadden" outliers. If I did not know of this cross-over this would be a great clue for me.<br />
<br />
The connecting lines are hard to see on this reduced image, but are clear when viewed in the PDF and can clearly be seen in the Group Map below.<br />
<br />
<h2>Group Map Graph</h2>The Group Map is a summary version of the Network Map chart. It is both a finding aid for the numbered groups, and illustrates the relationships and strength of connection between the groups. I added surnames and boxes to this version of the graph. The groups with a named common ancestor clearly split into maternal (green box) and paternal (blue box) lines. This is a clue as to whether the unnamed groups are more likely on the maternal or paternal side.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinrxTkdb5DL4mwCjhTZ4XcmLvpjXk1doHMmrzKBFw8ILP3SdvrnV0CwqT6h5K49B3fVs4sKltzOv2ajp2yyGt2M4jxRAtEQf9gtFlyP3OZUr2jXl-YFYO2ajM3Az7tX1aWfhi65ulIClQg/s1600/GroupMap_Anc_DJP201812anotatedPM_lo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinrxTkdb5DL4mwCjhTZ4XcmLvpjXk1doHMmrzKBFw8ILP3SdvrnV0CwqT6h5K49B3fVs4sKltzOv2ajp2yyGt2M4jxRAtEQf9gtFlyP3OZUr2jXl-YFYO2ajM3Az7tX1aWfhi65ulIClQg/s320/GroupMap_Anc_DJP201812anotatedPM_lo.jpg" width="317" height="320" data-original-width="500" data-original-height="504" /></a></div><br />
<br />
The general locations of groups and the assigned colors are the same as in the Network Map Graph. The connecting lines are simpler in this Group Map graph. The lines represent links between clusters or circles. Thicker connecting lines represent more individuals in one circle with connections in the second circle. For example, a Parker ancestor (blue circle, group 3) married a Rogers ancestor (red circle, group 2). There is a thick line between these two circles indicating many matches in the two circles share DNA. This is expected; many test takers share both of these ancestral lines with me—they are also descendants of this Parker-Rogers ancestral couple. <br />
<br />
<h2>Match File</h2>The Match File is a modified version of the file provided to <a href="https://www.connecteddna.com/">ConnectedDNA</a>. The addition of the group allocations (with colors as seen on the graphs) gives a quick visual clue of the likely relationship. It is easy to find surnames of interest. <br />
<br />
Clues also lurk in this file. My Maples line is one that is not traced past the first ancestor with that surname. My Maples ancestor married a Parker. The match here who has Parker and Maples in their surname list would be a good place for me to begin investigating links to identify Maples ancestors. Another great clue as to where to look for the common ancestor is seen in Group 18 which is my Johnson line. The Group 18 match in the image below does not have Johnson in the surname list, but Parrott ancestors are further back in my Johnson line. This is likely how I am related to this match. Jarvis is another surname in my family tree. I can investigate if we also share Jarvis ancestors or if this person has a different Jarvis line from mine.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ2jk9YWtfowgl39sUOqNAkTxSVaGT3ymQmmqCM2IpJew4Y9Zq5vM8aOCVyAtaLdJsaPeczL_gZHusJQW2c6Mh3dazCwlul1lPpdGIrSoU1_5vf11Dy_DXbL3qogjzMhyphenhyphenKOvObV_HKHrfd/s1600/MatchList_lo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ2jk9YWtfowgl39sUOqNAkTxSVaGT3ymQmmqCM2IpJew4Y9Zq5vM8aOCVyAtaLdJsaPeczL_gZHusJQW2c6Mh3dazCwlul1lPpdGIrSoU1_5vf11Dy_DXbL3qogjzMhyphenhyphenKOvObV_HKHrfd/s320/MatchList_lo.jpg" width="320" height="157" data-original-width="500" data-original-height="245" /></a></div><br />
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The spreadsheet file can be searched, sorted, or filtered by data found in each column using the drop down box in the column header. This allows me to focus on a subset of matches of interest, eliminating clutter from the other lines. For example, filtering the Group column for 3 displays only the matches that are in group 3 (blue circle). Clicking the drop-down funnel allows the filter to be cleared. <br />
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The image below shows the Match List filtered for Group 3 which is my Parker paternal line. Henry Parker married Nancy Black and I see Parker and Black in the surname lists of most of these matches. Haynes is a surname a few generations further back in this Parker line. Those other surnames listed for each match may be their lines not related to me or could be clues for the spots in my lineage where I have not yet identified an ancestor. <br />
<br />
My ethnicity is always 95-98% European so the ethnicity estimates are not generally much help to me. However, anyone with recent ancestral origins in a specific biogeographical region might find this information helpful. For example, if one grandfather’s lineage is African American or Native American then any such ethnicity predictions for a match is a clue the relationship might be on that grandfather’s line.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPcv0waXBeH7RsLCpisv27AqIEbMC7H4tW10ALNtP0z2CBeGkW9pRBaergg-TnjBmr_7qn3RRB0H2t7l1VelCV7K8TFm3cRzh7iB8Z_kYJeZf92zpHP6QOHZlpPSaOUsloYSbEt4DylBO2/s1600/MatchListGrp3_lo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPcv0waXBeH7RsLCpisv27AqIEbMC7H4tW10ALNtP0z2CBeGkW9pRBaergg-TnjBmr_7qn3RRB0H2t7l1VelCV7K8TFm3cRzh7iB8Z_kYJeZf92zpHP6QOHZlpPSaOUsloYSbEt4DylBO2/s320/MatchListGrp3_lo.jpg" width="320" height="193" data-original-width="500" data-original-height="302" /></a></div><br />
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Even if you do not prefer visual representations of data, the Excel file with the groups added to allow filtering the included matches may be worth the cost. Having the links to go directly to a match's tree or profile on Ancestry is also a time saver.<br />
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As with all non-exact searches, be aware that filtering the Surnames column for Ryan displays all of the matches who have a surname that contain the letters ryan. This includes surnames Ryan, Bryant, O'Bryan, and so on.<br />
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<h1>Product 2. Close family graph (Family Tree DNA)</h1>My second purchase was a graph using FamilyTreeDNA data for five siblings. The standard offering at the time was for full siblings (that is the price I paid). I asked Shelley if she would consider an option to include a half sibling. She agreed to use me as a guinea pig and now offers products with siblings, close family including half siblings, and extended family. See her website for details (<a href="https://www.connecteddna.com/">https://www.connecteddna.com/</a>). Again, I used DNAGedcom Client to collect data for the siblings. I then supplied the match list, ICW file, and chromosome browser file for four full siblings and one half sibling to <a href="https://www.connecteddna.com/">ConnectedDNA</a>.<br />
<br />
After processing by <a href="https://www.connecteddna.com/">ConnectedDNA</a>, I received PDFs and images of two graphs—a Profile Graph and a Group Graph—and a Match file spreadsheet file with information added by <a href="https://www.connecteddna.com/">ConnectedDNA</a> beyond what was in the DNAGedcom Client file.<br />
<br />
<h2>Profile Graph</h2>These are the Summary statistics for the unfiltered combined FamilyTreeDNA files sent to ConnectedDNA:<br />
<pre>Profile Nodes Edges
full sibling 1 5,519 270,225
full sibling 2 5,489 277,941
full sibling 3 6,124 343,106
full sibling 4 5,473 271,225
half sibling 5,480 246,245
Combined file 15,052 982,276
</pre><br />
When the data is graphed unfiltered it is too much of a blob to be meaningfully interpreted. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFKu0-IQ9K3QnTC_5crTj-z4r9LTG-IZN7lIt6HTRDcwlnvd-AcsnnRfDiX7DTYI3lVl4XkjsItUJoGR1oonWm6UUCsSsKq2QbAjRjwEg2JOmUqFOZRdB7IuSEm3m6QHe33oxqFA20tA0t/s1600/Profiles_unfiltered_lo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFKu0-IQ9K3QnTC_5crTj-z4r9LTG-IZN7lIt6HTRDcwlnvd-AcsnnRfDiX7DTYI3lVl4XkjsItUJoGR1oonWm6UUCsSsKq2QbAjRjwEg2JOmUqFOZRdB7IuSEm3m6QHe33oxqFA20tA0t/s320/Profiles_unfiltered_lo.jpg" width="320" height="320" data-original-width="400" data-original-height="400" /></a></div><br />
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Shelley uses her expertise to filter the data so the graph becomes meaningful. The thresholds used for each data set varies—your thresholds may differ from the ones used for my data. Shelley used the chromosome data to identify shared-match pairs who also have at least one overlapping segment of DNA with the focus person. She then filtered the matches to those who share between 50 cM and 1,300 cM with at least one of the five profiles. The closest matches are excluded (people I asked to test and who are related to me on almost all lines). She filtered the connections between matches so that, for matches who share at least 130 cM with at least one kit, all connections are shown. <br />
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For pairs of matches below 130 cM, connections are only shown if there is also an overlapping segment of about 12 cM or more between the shared matches and one of the kits. Connections where there is an 'overlap' are darker than connections where there is not. As Shelley states clearly, "This is not triangulation, but works as a reasonable proxy since true triangulation data is not available." True triangulation is not available from the data supplied by FamilyTreeDNA, but may be when using third-party tools.<br />
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These siblings all share a mother. The half sibling has a different father. Three groups of matches emerge:<br />
<ul><li>Half sibling only - people likely related on the half sibling's paternal line (red color)<br />
</li>
<li>Half and full siblings - people likely related on the shared maternal line (green color)<br />
</li>
<li>Full siblings only - people likely related on the full sibling's paternal line (blue color)<br />
</li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxTEboHbXBrVZWfmYi5fgUl0zaeCKuDKBjuTB21Ji7008b061vteFLV9-Mqt2vm15nyh5m8PLiDPz8jUwQbKYoXsr7w1863OviKP6hf0E00dXcPIVQ1y29ehVQM3GhQj_BlWW8jFLWPoPP/s1600/Profiles_annotated_lo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxTEboHbXBrVZWfmYi5fgUl0zaeCKuDKBjuTB21Ji7008b061vteFLV9-Mqt2vm15nyh5m8PLiDPz8jUwQbKYoXsr7w1863OviKP6hf0E00dXcPIVQ1y29ehVQM3GhQj_BlWW8jFLWPoPP/s320/Profiles_annotated_lo.jpg" width="318" height="320" data-original-width="400" data-original-height="402" /></a></div><br />
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This reveals likely paternal or maternal links and some matches that need investigation. Several clusters contain circles of primarily one color but with a small number of red circles that represent matches to the half sibling only. The completely red clusters are likely the paternal line of the half sibling. A mix of red with green-blue circles may indicate the half sibling inherited a segment that the full siblings did not. The mix could also indicate the half sibling’s paternal line has ancestors shared with the full siblings’ line. Investigation is required.<br />
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<h2>Match Group Overview Graph</h2>The Match Group Overview graph shows how the groups link together and the numbers assigned to each group. This is similar to the AncestryDNA Group Map described above. The colors and group numbers match those used in the FamilyTreeDNA Match List spreadsheet file.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvKEW_ctK9_LEazPfFf3DuKbV0YIJl3HQEC4MN-UF4YCeYOyQc1tfFx2qBMtpL5sFJzetbUcKlR0L_7Rexyf9kTXE3KDg9qlHS0inPvnv4l3Z02WG-XwsoReN637xOt6-QVZjTVQkudOOx/s1600/MatchGroupOverview_lo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvKEW_ctK9_LEazPfFf3DuKbV0YIJl3HQEC4MN-UF4YCeYOyQc1tfFx2qBMtpL5sFJzetbUcKlR0L_7Rexyf9kTXE3KDg9qlHS0inPvnv4l3Z02WG-XwsoReN637xOt6-QVZjTVQkudOOx/s320/MatchGroupOverview_lo.jpg" width="320" height="316" data-original-width="400" data-original-height="395" /></a></div><br />
<h2>Group Network Graph</h2>The Group Network Graph includes one circle for each match in a group. This details the matches included in the circles of the Match Group Overview Graph. Just as with the AncestryDNA product, the PDF file has searchable names attached to each circle. Identification of the shared ancestor with one person in a group provides a clue for the likely shared ancestor with others in the group.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikl1mGxze3sFMtfnGDs8gNmXnoRi6JmJfot8f0U5k9ocgernaPoqK__8f1WdunSmpgL7SbRrpKrZaRPUaq2ItoYEcgYxf0UejRexKMMkTblfHosb9uC-z3OhYND5O7aBBZjlCVkg63agQz/s1600/Groups_lo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikl1mGxze3sFMtfnGDs8gNmXnoRi6JmJfot8f0U5k9ocgernaPoqK__8f1WdunSmpgL7SbRrpKrZaRPUaq2ItoYEcgYxf0UejRexKMMkTblfHosb9uC-z3OhYND5O7aBBZjlCVkg63agQz/s320/Groups_lo.jpg" width="320" height="320" data-original-width="400" data-original-height="400" /></a></div><br />
<h2>Match List</h2>The spreadsheet Match List for this product includes match ID; full name; relationship range and predicted relationship; a list of close ICW matches; whether the match is full sibling only, half sibling only, or both; group number; number of shared matches; longest DNA segment shared; total shared cM; total shared cM with each sibling; ancestral surnames; Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups (if included in the DNAGedcom Client data files); notes; and email address for each match. Each column can be filtered to focus on the group under investigation.<br />
<br />
Be aware that group numbers are assigned as each <a href="https://www.connecteddna.com/">ConnectedDNA</a>product is created. This FamilyTreeDNA product is completely separate from the AncestryDNA product discussed above. Therefore, group numbers assigned are different in the two products. The matches in Group 3 of my AncestryDNA product are in Group 21 in my FamilyTreeDNA product. I can easily determine both of these are my Parker paternal line based on matches to people who tested at both AncestryDNA and FamilyTreeDNA.<br />
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<h1>Some General Guidance on Interpretation</h1>The graphs and spreadsheets provide clues that require investigation before conclusions can be reached. Researchers must realize that random recombination may result in some people who sort into one group genetically when they may be in another group genealogically. This is especially true when a half sibling inherited a segment of DNA from the shared parent that the other siblings did not inherit. Take care not to misinterpret these cases based on erroneous assumptions. In general, a known relative in a group is a strong clue to which part of your family tree that group represents. Random recombination may cause some of these clues to be misleading.<br />
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Shelley Crawford gives this good advice on how to use these files:<br />
<blockquote>Some groups may be a mystery to you. Make your way through the matches in those groups, reviewing their trees and looking for common elements. Is there a surname or a place that appears in several of the trees? With a little research effort, you may be able to expand upon the information your matches have provided and find a common ancestor.<br />
</blockquote><br />
I am excited to explore these files more fully and make discoveries to add to my family tree.<br />
<br />
Edited 13 January 2019: Modified phrasing to correctly reflect permissions used when the customer asks <a href="https://www.connecteddna.com/">ConnectedDNA</a> to download the data.<br />
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<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "ConnectedDNA Graphs and Clues," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 12 January 2019 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
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© 2019, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-87492847884843800292018-07-30T12:31:00.000-05:002018-07-30T12:38:17.008-05:00Texas State GS 2018 Annual Conference Schedule<a href="http://www.txsgs.org/">Texas State Genealogical Society (TxSGS)</a> has announced the conference schedule for San Antonio on 2-4 November 2018. This year celebrates 300 years of history since the founding of San Antonio with three days (and over 3,000 minutes) of great genealogy education!<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.txsgs.org/TSGS/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Banner-graphic-with-images.jpg?resize=1024%2C200" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.txsgs.org/TSGS/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Banner-graphic-with-images.jpg?resize=1024%2C200" width="320" height="62" data-original-width="800" data-original-height="156" /></a></div><br />
Registration is available at <a href="http://www.txsgs.org/txsgs-2018-conference-registration/">http://www.txsgs.org/txsgs-2018-conference-registration/</a>.<br />
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Lodging and venue information is available at <a href="http://www.txsgs.org/2018-conference-lodging-and-venue/">http://www.txsgs.org/2018-conference-lodging-and-venue/</a>. <br />
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Nearby restaurant information is available at <a href="http://www.txsgs.org/2018-conference-restaurants/">http://www.txsgs.org/2018-conference-restaurants/</a>. Note that lunches are not available through the conference this year.<br />
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The conference schedule details and list of sessions are available at <a href="http://www.txsgs.org/2018-txsgs-schedule-overview/">http://www.txsgs.org/2018-txsgs-schedule-overview/</a>. Exciting sessions start at 9:30 a.m. on Friday and run through 4:30 p.m. on Sunday.<br />
<br />
If you are like me and need the conference schedule in a grid format to make your session choices you can use the grid I created at <a href="http://debbiewayne.com/temp/Txsgs_2018_schedule_grid.pdf">http://debbiewayne.com/temp/Txsgs_2018_schedule_grid.pdf</a>. <br />
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This year I will be presenting a two-hour workshop on autosomal DNA analysis from 1:30 to 3:30 Friday afternoon. This workshop has limited seating available and an add-on cost of $30.<br />
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I will be presenting "Organizing Genetic Genealogy" at 11:00 on Saturday and "Documenting DNA Analysis" at 2:00 on Saturday. I am scheduled before and after lunch; it will be a busy mid-day on Saturday.<br />
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Our plan is to unveil our new Early Texas DNA Project website at this conference. I will be answering questions and featuring the website at a TxSGS booth when I am not speaking.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUKvQ2dLfAiMJcKoW03iV68luXipy_Gc7E1Bio2-W23IV25BC2tFbJuJ1x8YGfDPKjRKUsyB2EIMaOxhhNEB6MmhCsyXrOHm7YMmVOmnO_Zc3kaloQg6IAzggfWMKh71TeiZcYiFs_RPQN/s1600/cropped-Website-Header-v2-2dna.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUKvQ2dLfAiMJcKoW03iV68luXipy_Gc7E1Bio2-W23IV25BC2tFbJuJ1x8YGfDPKjRKUsyB2EIMaOxhhNEB6MmhCsyXrOHm7YMmVOmnO_Zc3kaloQg6IAzggfWMKh71TeiZcYiFs_RPQN/s320/cropped-Website-Header-v2-2dna.jpg" width="320" height="96" data-original-width="1001" data-original-height="301" /></a></div><br />
Speakers include Mic Barnette, Jim Brewster, Evan Christensen, Schelly Talalay Dardashti, Debra Dudek, Mary Esther Escobedo, Patti Gillespie, Sharon Gillins, Sara Gredler, Colleen Greene, Tony Hanson, Kevin Klaus, Devon Noel Lee, Janice Lovelace, Bernard N. Meisner, Kelvin Meyers, Betsy Mills, Laurel Neuman, David Passman, Lisa Reed, Diane L. Richard, Mary Kircher Roddy, Lisa Toth Salinas, Carl Smith, Kathy Strauss, Michael L. Strauss, Pam Vestal, Eric Wells, and Ari Wilkins.<br />
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Normal sessions include diverse topics with research tips on African Americans, DNA, Germans, Hispanics, land, methodology, military, publishing and preservation, records and repositories, Russian Jewish immigrants, and technology. <br />
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Workshops include Autosomal DNA Analysis, Metadata and Digital Archiving Your Family History Photos and Documents, Researching Your World War II Ancestors, and Spreadsheets 101—An Excel-lent Hands-on Tutorial.<br />
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There is something for every researcher at every knowledge level. I hope to see you there.<br />
<br />
<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/>Debbie Parker Wayne will receive remuneration as a speaker for this conference and is a board member as the DNA Project Chair.<br />
<br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative. <br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "Texas State GS 2018 Annual Conference Schedule," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 30 July 2018 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2018, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-76446610293591286522018-07-21T17:16:00.000-05:002018-07-23T10:59:23.293-05:00Learning DNA and Getting Help with Analysis ToolsMore people are jumping into DNA testing and genetic genealogy who are not experienced in DNA or genealogy before taking that first DNA test. Joining a social media group or a mail list or forum provides exposure to many programs and tools, terms, and techniques that make it seem like a fire hose is aimed at you at full blast.<br />
<br />
It is great to jump in. It is great to ask questions to learn. But you never know how much the person answering you knows. And they may not even know they are giving you information that is not completely accurate because they misunderstood your question.<br />
<br />
Below are some places to (1) learn more about DNA and (2) get better help when one of the DNA tools does not work as you expected.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs1tN78ciFu77vFoWETnOcMITmaksgm13ni3z3S07Ka2pXoCW3LK6_xV2afHFjEjIFTfXy7RJnl1Efw-rebU_Hp3gmB4ihCq14JcZ6JRTLf4mEnIY8OhaCqneaX6vJHARDFV_2IQvHB1Hw/s1600/bars03_X_4ch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs1tN78ciFu77vFoWETnOcMITmaksgm13ni3z3S07Ka2pXoCW3LK6_xV2afHFjEjIFTfXy7RJnl1Efw-rebU_Hp3gmB4ihCq14JcZ6JRTLf4mEnIY8OhaCqneaX6vJHARDFV_2IQvHB1Hw/s320/bars03_X_4ch.jpg" width="320" height="226" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="1130" /></a></div><br />
To learn the basics of DNA you can <br />
<ul><li>attend an institute if you can afford to be away from home for an entire week and cover the travel costs; see <br />
<a href="http://www.gripitt.org/">Genealogical Research Institute of Pittsburgh (GRIP)</a>, <br />
<a href="http://www.ighr.gagensociety.org/">Institute of Genealogy and Historical Research (IGHR)</a>, <br />
<a href="http://i4gg.org/">Institute for Genetic Genealogy (I4GG)</a>, and <br />
<a href="http://ugagenealogy.com/index.php">Salt Lake Institute of Genealogy (SLIG)</a> in the U.S.<br />
</li>
<li>study recorded (fee) courses and sessions at <br />
<a href="http://vigrgenealogy.com/">Virtual Institute of Genealogical Research</a> and <br />
<a href="http://i4gg.org/">Institute for Genetic Genealogy (I4GG)</a><br />
</li>
<li>study (the freely available) Kelly Wheaton's <i>Beginner’s Guide to Genetic Genealogy</i> at <br />
<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/wheatonsurname/beginners-guide-to-genetic-genealogy/"> https://sites.google.com/site/wheatonsurname/beginners-guide-to-genetic-genealogy/</a><br />
</li>
<li>study (the freely available) articles by Debbie Parker Wayne linked from <br />
<a href="http://debbiewayne.com/presentations/gatagacc_biblio.php#found1">http://debbiewayne.com/presentations/gatagacc_biblio.php#found1</a><br />
</li>
<li>study one or more of the more recent books listed at <br />
<a href="http://debbiewayne.com/presentations/gatagacc_biblio.php#found2">http://debbiewayne.com/presentations/gatagacc_biblio.php#found2</a> (highly recommended by many are <i>Genetic Genealogy in Practice</i> workbook and <i>Family Tree Guide to DNA ...</i>)<br />
</li>
<li>National Genealogical Society (NGS) DNA course authored by Debbie Parker Wayne,<br />
<a href="https://www.ngsgenealogy.org/cs/genetic_genealogy_autosomal_dna">Continuing Genealogical Studies: Genetic Genealogy, Autosomal DNA</a><br />
</li>
<li>NGS DNA course authored by Thomas Shawker,<br />
<a href="https://www.ngsgenealogy.org/cs/genetic_genealogy">Continuing Genealogical Studies: Introduction to Genetic Genealogy</a><br />
</li>
<li>study many of the blogs and other resources linked from <br />
<a href="http://debbiewayne.com/presentations/gatagacc_biblio.php">http://debbiewayne.com/presentations/gatagacc_biblio.php</a><br />
</li>
<li>join and study tools and educational materials at <a href="https://dna-central.com/">DNA Central</a><br />
</li>
</ul><br />
Start small when learning something new and build up to higher levels. This applies to studying DNA using the recommendations above and to learning new tools.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHnVAXCXO-6qMiR-L1V2NHl61_WNe-RzCDGyJVRbhYW_o6Oj_N6aS4Tcb7dHQqJpsuHeSbibkp5h-INLgFtpZdDq3Qz5wUUUPs3iQ2YY-VjbCW5CuiF9r9qRTvhfoT57Y6GClkB8FDcciR/s1600/triangulationParker.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHnVAXCXO-6qMiR-L1V2NHl61_WNe-RzCDGyJVRbhYW_o6Oj_N6aS4Tcb7dHQqJpsuHeSbibkp5h-INLgFtpZdDq3Qz5wUUUPs3iQ2YY-VjbCW5CuiF9r9qRTvhfoT57Y6GClkB8FDcciR/s320/triangulationParker.jpg" width="320" height="268" data-original-width="1272" data-original-height="1064" /></a></div><br />
When learning a new tool or process <b>test first with a small dataset</b>. For example, when I first downloaded the version of <a href="http://progenygenealogy.com/Products/Family-Tree-Charts">Progeny Charting Companion</a> that creates DNA analysis charts, I created a small <a href="http://rootsmagic.com/">RootsMagic</a> database with only four DNA test takers and the direct lines back to their shared ancestors (as shown in the chart above). I created a dummy CSV file with the minimum amount of data needed for those test takers' DNA data (as defined in the <a href="http://progenygenealogy.com/Products/Family-Tree-Charts">Charting Companion</a>'s help files). I used this small dataset to play with the charts offered by <a href="http://progenygenealogy.com/Products/Family-Tree-Charts">Charting Companion</a> until I understood how the options worked to get the output I desired. Once I was comfortable using the tool I then accessed my full <a href="http://rootsmagic.com/">RootsMagic</a> database after adding the new facts needed for DNA charts to work properly (like DNA kit numbers for each test taker).<br />
<br />
<br />
After you begin using a new tool, it may not always work as expected and you may need help. To get better help when one of the DNA analysis tools does not work as expected (most of this applies to any program or app) <br />
<ul><li>read the instructions (built-in help files, a user's guide, how-to instructions on the program's website)<br />
</li>
<li><b>really</b> read the instructions—do not just scan them—and be sure you followed every step carefully, including the steps that are linked into or referenced from the first help page you access (most problems are due to not following instructions; trust me on this, I worked tech support and trained computer users for much of my "life before genealogy")<br />
</li>
<li>if you followed the instructions carefully and still have problems, make note of any error messages displayed (or failure mode) and step-by-step what you did just before the failure or error<br />
</li>
<li>use Google or another engine to search for the error message or failure mode (if the program uses Facebook to offer technical support, use Facebook's "Search this group" feature)<br />
</li>
<li>if potential solutions are found try them<br />
</li>
<li>if no solution is found by searching or the solutions found do not work for you, then post a message asking for help; include <br />
<ul><li>the tool name and version of the tool you are using (also indicate if you recently updated the tool)<br />
</li>
<li>the error message received or exactly what you saw that was not "right"<br />
</li>
<li>the step-by-step list of what was done before the error message was received or the program failed<br />
</li>
<li>whether you are using a Windows, Mac, Android, iOS, or other device and the version of that operating system<br />
</li>
<li>whether this is something that worked in the past or this is your first time to try this procedure<br />
</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><br />
These recommendations should help you get better technical support and help you learn new programs and DNA analysis more productively.<br />
<br />
Update 23 July 2018: Fixed minor typo, added NGS online training courses, and added to disclaimer royalties for courses and books.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne receives royalties for the NGS course she authored on autosomal DNA analysis and books for which she is an author or editor.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "Learning DNA and Getting Help with Analysis Tools," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 21 July 2018 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2018, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-6761120138969242692018-07-21T11:25:00.000-05:002018-07-21T11:25:14.507-05:00DNA Simulation added to DNA Matrix in Progeny Charting CompanionPierre Clouthier, president of <a href="http://progenygenealogy.com/">Progeny Genealogy</a>, has been raising the bar for DNA analysis charts in a genealogy program for the last year or so. He was the first to automate the "McGuire Chart" in his "DNA Matrix" tools. See <a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2017/03/wanted-genetic-genealogy-analysis-tools.html">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2017/03/wanted-genetic-genealogy-analysis-tools.html</a> and <a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2017/06/one-dna-analysis-chart-process.html">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2017/06/one-dna-analysis-chart-process.html</a> for more info.<br />
<br />
Progeny just released <b>Charting Companion version 7</b> with a major addition to help during DNA analysis as described in his announcement below (URLs were changed to go directly to the Progeny website and not to the advertising site in the email sent to me so as not to mess with stats from email accesses).<br />
<br />
<blockquote><a href="http://progenygenealogy.com/Products/Family-Tree-Charts">Charting Companion 7</a> features a new technology to help place adoptees and orphans in a family tree: the <a href="http://progenygenealogy.com/Products/Family-Tree-Charts/DNA-Simulation">DNA Simulation</a>. Based on the <a href="http://progenygenealogy.com/Products/Family-Tree-Charts/DNA-Matrix">DNA Matrix</a>, the DNA Simulation will construct a Descendant tree, then will systematically try to link the "orphan" to every person in the tree, one at a time. Charting Companion will validate the tree by calculating the expected centiMorgan (cM) implied by the hypothetical relationship, and comparing it to the actual laboratory DNA test results. Each iteration is called a "scenario". If the DNA test results are outside the cM range, the scenario is bad, will be discarded, and Charting Companion will advance to the next possible position of the orphan in the tree. If the DNA results are consistent, the good scenario will be recorded. All possible scenarios can then be reviewed for further investigation. (see video [at <a href="https://youtu.be/yBe6Pd8g5no">https://youtu.be/yBe6Pd8g5no</a>]).<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnQhQv8CumDwfzgYF8eQmzWKnF5FULI3Oe-YYPF9q_avZZz0d33vQCT82zfiK-7wpWhuR4A7oVYLeZZiq_BD9VhL2V3a4e3qmL2RPwc4itazNorLkoNo3KceZ4DSYb0sATP_JVGCcHD12Z/s1600/V7_DNAsimulation.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnQhQv8CumDwfzgYF8eQmzWKnF5FULI3Oe-YYPF9q_avZZz0d33vQCT82zfiK-7wpWhuR4A7oVYLeZZiq_BD9VhL2V3a4e3qmL2RPwc4itazNorLkoNo3KceZ4DSYb0sATP_JVGCcHD12Z/s320/V7_DNAsimulation.png" width="320" height="288" data-original-width="633" data-original-height="570" /></a></div><br />
In addition to linking to existing persons, Charting Companion will also insert hypothetical or placeholder spouses and children, and attempt to link the orphan to these additional people. The added persons represent potential extramarital relationships, previous unknown marriages, unknown children, children given up to adoption, non-paternal events, etc. They are meant to suggest possible connections that would otherwise be very time-consuming to evaluate manually.<br />
<br />
The DNA Simulation is available in Charting Companion 7. See video [at <a href="https://youtu.be/yBe6Pd8g5no">https://youtu.be/yBe6Pd8g5no</a>] for detailed explanation.<br />
<br />
If you have an earlier version of Charting Companion, our upgrade policy is:<br />
<br />
If you purchased within the last year, you get a free upgrade (contact [Progeny]).<br />
If you purchased within two years, you get a 20% discount (contact [Progeny]).<br />
Within three years, purchase a Registration Key [at <a href="http://progenygenealogy.com/Products/Family-Tree-Charts">http://progenygenealogy.com/Products/Family-Tree-Charts</a>].<br />
<br />
Charting Companion works with all genealogy programs: Family Tree Maker, RootsMagic, Legacy, Ancestral Quest, Family Historian, GEDCOM, etc.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://progenygenealogy.com/">Progeny Genealogy</a> <br />
10037-20 Silver Fox Ave. New Minas, Nova Scotia B4N 5K1 Canada <br />
(902) 681-3102<br />
</blockquote><br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Simulation added to DNA Matrix in Progeny Charting Companion," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 21 July 2018 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2018, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-53764942963580481142018-05-23T20:52:00.000-05:002018-06-20T16:16:15.656-05:00DNA Standards - Pedigree Analysis (Tree Analysis) 20 June 2018: Updated to link to new page for the survey on BCG website.<br />
<br />
This is part of a series on Genealogy Standards for using DNA. This series represents the opinions and interpretation of the proposed standards by this author and does not necessarily reflect BCG’s official position. The proposed standards are not being addressed in numerical order, but all articles will be linked. For other parts in the series see<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2018/05/dna-analysis-standards.html">DNA Analysis Standards</a><br />
</li>
</ul><br />
You can participate in a survey and provide your opinion on the Proposed DNA Standards through a Google Docs survey linked from <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/proposed-dna-standards-for-public-comment/">https://bcgcertification.org/proposed-dna-standards-for-public-comment/</a>. Please leave comments by 23 July 2018 explaining your agreement or disagreement with the proposed standards. Comments will be used to modify the standards as needed before acceptance and publication.<br />
<br />
Proposed new DNA standard (proposed standard numbers may change before acceptance and publication) #3 is:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCsBOy7mJFwzmZfRm1-58xFbniS0OcinzQxXyVcNNjcS3E3GpfIPvPafgD-C0cuNXbB2dBzWribHERlOhevrRxF9izhcLSk29rCz1I-nOjOZ6UkuNQgngGscdBPC34OOjreG87ossfCHBk/s1600/DNAPropStd3sm.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCsBOy7mJFwzmZfRm1-58xFbniS0OcinzQxXyVcNNjcS3E3GpfIPvPafgD-C0cuNXbB2dBzWribHERlOhevrRxF9izhcLSk29rCz1I-nOjOZ6UkuNQgngGscdBPC34OOjreG87ossfCHBk/s320/DNAPropStd3sm.png" width="320" height="233" data-original-width="500" data-original-height="364" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<b>What does this all mean? Standards are written formally and most of us understand informal language better. Breaking down each segment makes the meaning more clear.</b><br />
<br />
The first thing many researchers who share DNA do is compare pedigrees (family trees) or surname lists looking for a common ancestor (or an ancestral couple; the term common ancestor will be used for simplicity even when an ancestral couple may be the source of a DNA segment). The first common surname, person, or couple found is often assumed to be the source of the shared DNA segments. That assumption may be right or wrong. More evidence is needed to determine which is more likely. <br />
<br />
Genealogists must also consider that two test takers who share DNA may not have inherited all of that DNA from one common ancestral couple. If two test takers are related in more than one way (such as through pedigree collapse or endogamy) this can be difficult to determine except with thorough research and correlation of the DNA and documentary evidence. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkNVI4jc4Pl4lL_lCf2kYRMZ9VAox0mCwddbEM4b4jcerb3P9tIV3TuItekv5Xbgvuc8XUo7yTPIWlAtQFvKqGnQ-tuZkFVVuZ798XakbO_OemSNlChxo4Y2oFRpYqHFX1ehm6H1__BPp1/s1600/RichardsAP_pedigree_srcs.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkNVI4jc4Pl4lL_lCf2kYRMZ9VAox0mCwddbEM4b4jcerb3P9tIV3TuItekv5Xbgvuc8XUo7yTPIWlAtQFvKqGnQ-tuZkFVVuZ798XakbO_OemSNlChxo4Y2oFRpYqHFX1ehm6H1__BPp1/s320/RichardsAP_pedigree_srcs.png" width="248" height="320" data-original-width="506" data-original-height="654" /></a><br />
© 2018, Debbie Parker Wayne</div><br />
When analyzing pedigrees there are three critical concepts. Some common things to review when analyzing pedigrees are listed here.<br />
<br />
<ol><li><b>Accuracy of the pedigree</b>: a pedigree either has the correct ancestors linked for each generation or it does not. If the pedigree of any DNA test-taker under analysis is inaccurate then the common ancestors may never be identified. <br />
<br />
Accurate pedigrees are the result of research that meets the Genealogical Proof Standard (See "Useful References" below; the GPS summarized and paraphrased is): A focused research question, thorough research, correctly cited sources, thorough and competent analysis and correlation of all evidence that is pertinent to the question, resolution of any conflicting evidence, and a sound written conclusion).<br />
<br />
Researchers can analyze the accuracy of pedigrees by confirming the consistency of assertions (no children born when a parent would be too young, too old, deceased for more than nine months, in a different location at the time of conception, etc.) and that the most credible sources support each assertion. <br />
<br />
See “Accuracy” at the bottom left of the pedigree image.<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><b>Depth of the pedigree</b>: ideally, each DNA test taker’s pedigree chart should be complete back to the level of the hypothesized common ancestor, and preferably a few generations further back. If two DNA test takers are predicted to be third cousins, then both pedigrees should be complete at least back to the second-great-grandparents (the hypothesized common ancestral level). An extra generation or three in each tree helps if the test takers inherited more than the statistical average amount of DNA; in that case they may actually be fourth or fifth cousins instead of the predicted third cousins. <br />
<br />
See “Depth” at the top left of the image. In this example, all names are complete up to the great-grandparent level that would be shared with second cousins. However, all of the missing information on the birth, marriage, and death of many of these ancestors indicates this tree is not deep enough or verifiably accurate enough even at this level.<br />
<br />
</li>
<li><b>Gaps in the pedigree</b>: ideally, each pedigree will be complete with no gaps. In the real world many researchers have brick walls on some lines or just have not had time to research every possible line yet. Add to that the fact that every time a new ancestor is identified the next step is to identify that ancestor’s parents making genealogy truly a never-ending search.<br />
<br />
See “Gaps” at the top right of the image. Those gaps in the tree may be hiding the common ancestor or perhaps a second (and third, fourth, and so on) common ancestral line shared by two DNA test takers. Our conclusion may be easily overturned if we do not consider those other possible shared ancestors. We can address the gaps by one or more of the following<br />
<br />
<ul><li>Doing further documentary research to fill in the gaps—we would want to do this eventually as we work on our pedigree, but a specific DNA match may focus our research on a specific line now<br />
<br />
</li>
<li>Target test more cousins, or find more test takers in our match list who share the same ancestor, to gain more DNA evidence to support the conclusion—in some cases (like burned counties) there may be little to no documentary evidence to be found. DNA evidence may help answer the question, but more than two or three DNA test takers will be needed to credibly support most conclusions<br />
<br />
</li>
<li>Clear explanations may justify a conclusion that a gap is irrelevant to the research question—perhaps the pedigree gap is in a line that originated or resided in a locale that is irrelevant to the focus question, or it is a line with a different biogeographical origin, or the gap is so far back in the pedigree it is not relevant based on the DNA evidence, and there are other possibilities<br />
<br />
</li>
<li>Segment triangulation does not work in every situation, but when it exists it can be strong evidence—all cousins will not share every triangulated segment, but groups of cousins may share one triangulated segment, while some of those cousins may also share segments with cousins in a different group—showing how each of the groups overlaps may support a conclusion<br />
<br />
</li>
<li>Clustering and genetic networks work in a similar way to triangulated segment groups. Many names are used for clusters or networks: shared matches, in common with groups, DNA circles, matches who share DNA with both of two kits, and more—for example, a group of cousins share DNA with each other, a second group of cousins share DNA, and there may be some cousins who are in both groups providing a link to the common ancestor <br />
</li>
</ul></li>
</ol><br />
Useful References:<br />
<br />
Board for Certification of Genealogists, "Ethics and Standards," scroll down to "Genealogical Proof Standard (GPS)" (<a href="https://bcgcertification.org/ethics/ethics-standards/">https://bcgcertification.org/ethics/ethics-standards/</a>).<br />
<br />
Board for Certification of Genealogists, <i>Genealogy Standards</i>, 50th anniversary ed. (Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publ., 2014; <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/product/bcg-genealogy-standards/">https://bcgcertification.org/product/bcg-genealogy-standards/</a>). <br />
<br />
Genetic Genealogy Standards Committee, <i>Genetic Genealogy Standards</i>, <a href="http://geneticgenealogystandards.com/">http://geneticgenealogystandards.com/</a>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
Full disclosure: <br />
<br />
I have held Certified Genealogist® credentials from BCG since September 2010. I helped form the BCG Genetic Genealogy Committee to discuss DNA standards. I resigned from the committee due to personal commitments, but have continued to participate as an adviser, reviewer, and in other ways. <br />
<br />
I support the adoption of standards to be used when incorporating DNA analysis into a genealogical conclusion. I support BCG seeking input on the proposed standards from the greater genealogical community using DNA. I see this as a positive step to ensure newly adopted standards will meet the needs of the entire research community. No matter what is adopted, updates will certainly be needed just as research methodology and documentary research standards have evolved over the decades. <br />
<br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Standards - Pedigree Analysis (Tree Analysis)," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 23 May 2018 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
<br />
© 2018, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-47473225432126452452018-05-23T16:32:00.000-05:002018-06-20T16:18:30.424-05:00DNA Analysis Standards 20 June 2018: Updated link to DNA standards survey page.<br />
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This is part of a series on Genealogy Standards for using DNA. This series represents the opinions and interpretation of the proposed standards by this author and does not necessarily reflect BCG’s official position. The proposed standards are not being addressed in numerical order, but all articles will be linked. For other parts in the series see<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2018/05/dna-standards-pedigree-analysis-tree.html">DNA Standards - Pedigree Analysis (Tree Analysis)</a> (23 May 2018)<br />
</li>
</ul><br />
Way back in 2013 an Ad hoc committee formed to develop genetic genealogy standards. Those standards were released in January 2015 and are available at <a href="http://geneticgenealogystandards.com/">http://geneticgenealogystandards.com/</a>.<a href="#fn1" name="refnum1"><sup>1</sup></a> These standards are recommended by many organizations and by most speakers covering DNA topics<br />
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Those original standards primarily deal with ethical issues. The plan was to eventually add technical standards with more details on depth of testing, resolution of tests, and many other critical elements of using DNA test results to answer genealogical questions. As with so many other things, life got in the way and the additional work was never completed. <br />
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In the intervening years, we have learned a lot more about using DNA test results effectively and how varied and "random" the results can be from one family to another. Real life results do not always match the statistical average predictions. By definition, an "average" is the typical result in a data set, but that means there are real results on either side of that average. This leads to many questions. How many men need to be tested in a Y-DNA line to prove or disprove a theory? How many markers should be tested? How many markers can differ? How big should an X-DNA segment be before you spend time searching for the common ancestor who passed it down to the people living today? There is no definitive answer to these questions. Many variables will affect the answer for a specific family under investigation although there are some general guidelines to consider. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjevzl7nGEbmrngjv1z_FtvgSq75qDQcBdB-uSwXq3JfFvWMR5-3KsPuJ35et9CsfEZA5oYvX4xHhcltIoVdLKvLl1MgOOqga94Sl_1l_CyDEYd3NGQjR5IrfePCPq07SlBhYxy4N9lr49B/s1600/compass-73112_640_bellcurve.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjevzl7nGEbmrngjv1z_FtvgSq75qDQcBdB-uSwXq3JfFvWMR5-3KsPuJ35et9CsfEZA5oYvX4xHhcltIoVdLKvLl1MgOOqga94Sl_1l_CyDEYd3NGQjR5IrfePCPq07SlBhYxy4N9lr49B/s320/compass-73112_640_bellcurve.jpg" width="235" height="320" data-original-width="208" data-original-height="283" /></a></div><br />
Many of us think we need defined standards for using DNA evidence to reach a genealogical conclusion even though there is no "magic number" answer to many questions. What should a thorough researcher do when incorporating DNA evidence into a genealogical conclusion? What do you look for other than the name of the same ancestor when analyzing another person's family tree? How do you document the analysis? <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimQPxXIWv_6vBP2aJsCFJIrE7zzt45e-GLo8pmRJQyV-o4ZaA_3n3k1eiom_6Rp0oyhxQ2oop4GPkkSV_Hk9d5mb3UPrEjaNrrrkzNgzLZJgvzTlA0p145GdjdFuGXD1haBmCc7zzS4kM4/s1600/random_wordcloud_sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimQPxXIWv_6vBP2aJsCFJIrE7zzt45e-GLo8pmRJQyV-o4ZaA_3n3k1eiom_6Rp0oyhxQ2oop4GPkkSV_Hk9d5mb3UPrEjaNrrrkzNgzLZJgvzTlA0p145GdjdFuGXD1haBmCc7zzS4kM4/s320/random_wordcloud_sm.jpg" width="320" height="260" data-original-width="400" data-original-height="325" /></a></div><br />
Years ago researchers had similar questions related to documentary research. The community responded with books to provide guidance to researchers. A selected list includes <i>Genealogy as Pastime and Profession</i> in 1930 and revised in 1968,<a href="#fn2" name="refnum2"><sup>2</sup></a> <i>Genealogical Research: Methods and Sources</i> in 1960 and revised in 1980,<a href="#fn3" name="refnum3"><sup>3</sup></a> <i>Genealogical Evidence</i> in 1979,<a href="#fn4" name="refnum4"><sup>4</sup></a> <i>Genealogical Standards of Evidence</i> in 2010,<a href="#fn5" name="refnum5"><sup>5</sup></a> and <i>Elements of Genealogical Analysis</i> in 2014.<a href="#fn6" name="refnum6"><sup>6</sup></a><br />
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[Added: Mea culpa. I left off one of the best and newest books: Thomas W. Jones, <i>Mastering Genealogical Proof</i> (now Falls Church, VA: National Genealogical Society, 2013). And don't forget the analysis chapters at the beginning of Elizabeth Shown Mills, <i>Evidence Explained</i>, 3d. ed. (Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publ. Co., 2015).]<br />
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The Board for Certification of Genealogists (BCG) published <i>The BCG Genealogical Standards Manual</i> in 2000.<a href="#fn7" name="refnum7"><sup>7</sup></a> This was reorganized, updated, and published as <i>Genealogy Standards</i> in 2014.<a href="#fn8" name="refnum8"><sup>8</sup></a> These standards reflect best practices for the genealogical research community, not just those applying for BCG credentials. Some genealogists think these standards are all we need—that we do not need more specifics for DNA.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAdWd95J8w6R7j9EZhojaydjpP_REh3TTugRvjnlkwwikIY_dQyAxm-I2j25iLuMdDeuxIpTVInQoUuazRJs9YIpB_kQSvhKPI1H4uCudVoH7mVg-1OhNaYRMjJdobB8KB_OVYOBI8xGG9/s1600/GenealogyStandards_BCG_sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAdWd95J8w6R7j9EZhojaydjpP_REh3TTugRvjnlkwwikIY_dQyAxm-I2j25iLuMdDeuxIpTVInQoUuazRJs9YIpB_kQSvhKPI1H4uCudVoH7mVg-1OhNaYRMjJdobB8KB_OVYOBI8xGG9/s320/GenealogyStandards_BCG_sm.jpg" width="208" height="320" data-original-width="227" data-original-height="350" /></a></div><br />
My colleague, <a href="http://midwesternmicrohistory.blogspot.com/">Harold Henderson, CG</a>, makes an excellent point as to why DNA standards should also be spelled out (paraphrased and used with permission): A <i>highly competent</i> genealogist would be able to formulate standards based only on the elements of the <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/ethics/ethics-standards/">Genealogical Proof Standard (GPS)</a>.<a href="#fn9" name="refnum9"><sup>9</sup></a> By expanding the concepts of the GPS into the <i>Genealogy Standards</i>, BCG saved time for us all. Each researcher can understand the fine points of performing quality documentary research without having to recreate the standards. Defined DNA Standards provide the same service for those seeking to incorporate DNA analysis.<br />
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DNA standards will help members of the general community<br />
<ul><li>Researchers adding DNA analysis to their skill set <br />
</li>
<li>Authors incorporating DNA evidence<br />
</li>
<li>DNA test takers and those requesting others to take tests<br />
</li>
<li>Instructors teaching others to analyze DNA test results</li>
</ul><br />
DNA standards will also provide benefits for BCG <br />
<ul><li>Applicants and those renewing credentials will know what is expected when incorporating DNA<br />
</li>
<li>BCG judges will all be judging to the same published standards for DNA<br />
</li>
<li>Updated <i>Genealogy Standards</i> will reflect the current state of research (we have been using DNA for genealogy for over twenty years now and testing has increased exponentially in recent years)</li>
</ul><br />
The BCG Genetic Genealogy Committee has drafted a set of DNA Standards that reflect the practices of some of the most experienced genealogists using DNA today. BCG is surveying the community for input on these proposed standards. Some current Genealogy Standards are modified and expanded to more clearly define the needs when using DNA. New DNA Standards address DNA testing, interpreting DNA test results, identifying shared ancestry, accessing test results, and integrating DNA and documentary evidence. These standards are focused to provide specific guidance yet broad enough to allow for differing family composition and random factors encountered with DNA. <br />
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You can participate in the survey and provide your opinion through a Google Docs survey linked from <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/proposed-dna-standards-for-public-comment/">https://bcgcertification.org/proposed-dna-standards-for-public-comment/</a>. Please leave comments by 23 July 2018 explaining your agreement or disagreement with the proposed standards. Comments will be used to modify the standards as needed before acceptance and publication. There is also a link from which you can download a PDF file with the proposed standards.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-8diW_q5u7QEzhA0qfMrBXD-MTkQ97lq0rwi9ifzorCyyvfS5bflrXlAanort3MtNbI8lUPjRtlxIoxcgDR6O9-NvgTc3BtVRl2JB0DxIfUH-kEx2oOPYI9TLZ4-Og9ajukF0cw_8xs9B/s1600/BCG_RFC-DNAstds.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-8diW_q5u7QEzhA0qfMrBXD-MTkQ97lq0rwi9ifzorCyyvfS5bflrXlAanort3MtNbI8lUPjRtlxIoxcgDR6O9-NvgTc3BtVRl2JB0DxIfUH-kEx2oOPYI9TLZ4-Og9ajukF0cw_8xs9B/s320/BCG_RFC-DNAstds.jpg" width="320" height="135" data-original-width="500" data-original-height="211" /></a></div><br />
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Feel free to leave comments here, but only comments submitted through the official portal above will be considered by the committee.<br />
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<a href="#refnum1" name="fn1">1. </a>Genetic Genealogy Standards Committee, <i>Genetic Genealogy Standards</i>, <a href="http://geneticgenealogystandards.com/">http://geneticgenealogystandards.com/</a>.<br />
<a href="#refnum2" name="fn2">2. </a>Donald Lines Jacobus, <i>Genealogy as Pastime and Profession</i> (1930, revised 1968; reprint, Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1999). <br />
<a href="#refnum3" name="fn3">3. </a><i>Genealogical Research: Methods and Sources</i>, 2 vols. (Vienna, Virginia: American Society of Genealogists, 1980-1983).<br />
<a href="#refnum4" name="fn4">4. </a>Noel C. Stevenson, <i>Genealogical Evidence: A Guide to the Standard of Proof Relating to Pedigrees, Ancestry, Heirship and Family History</i> (Laguna Hills, California: Aegean Park Press, 1979). <br />
<a href="#refnum5" name="fn5">5. </a>Brenda Dougall Merriman, <i>Genealogical Standards of Evidence</i> (Toronto: Ontario Genealogical Society, 2010).<br />
<a href="#refnum6" name="fn6">6. </a>Robert Charles Anderson, <i>Elements of Genealogical Analysis: How to Maximize Your Research Using the Great Migration Study Project Method</i> (Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2014).<br />
<a href="#refnum7" name="fn7">7. </a><i>BCG Genealogical Standards Manual</i> (Washington, DC: Board for Certification of Genealogists, 2000).<br />
<a href="#refnum8" name="fn8">8. </a>Board for Certification of Genealogists, <i>Genealogy Standards</i>, 50th anniversary ed. (Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publ., 2014; <a href="https://bcgcertification.org/product/bcg-genealogy-standards/">https://bcgcertification.org/product/bcg-genealogy-standards/</a>). <br />
<a href="#refnum9" name="fn9">9. </a>Board for Certification of Genealogists, "Ethics and Standards," scroll down to "Genealogical Proof Standard (GPS)" (<a href="https://bcgcertification.org/ethics/ethics-standards/">https://bcgcertification.org/ethics/ethics-standards/</a>).<br />
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<hr width="30%" align="left"/>Full disclosure: <br />
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I have held Certified Genealogist® credentials from BCG since September 2010. I helped form the BCG Genetic Genealogy Committee to discuss DNA standards. I resigned from the committee due to personal commitments, but have continued to participate as an adviser, reviewer, and in other ways. I support the adoption of standards to be used when incorporating DNA analysis into a genealogical conclusion. <br />
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I support BCG seeking input on the proposed standards from the greater genealogical community using DNA. I see this as a positive step to ensure newly adopted standards will meet the needs of the entire research community. No matter what is adopted, updates will certainly be needed just as research methodology and documentary research standards have evolved over the decades.<br />
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All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "DNA Analysis Standards," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 23 May 2018 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
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© 2018, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-81950479953240494262018-05-15T11:48:00.000-05:002018-05-15T11:48:54.111-05:00Whole Genome Sequence (Part 2) - Analysis Tools<blockquote>For earlier parts see<br />
<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/2018/04/whole-genome-sequence-part-1.html">Whole Genome Sequence (Part 1)</a> — YSEQ.net options and files received<br />
</blockquote><br />
I am investigating bioinformatics<a href="#fn1" name="refnum1"><sup>1</sup></a> tools to analyze Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) data. I have access to a WGS for someone who has also tested at several genealogy testing companies. I want to do some comparisons between the raw data from the genealogy testing companies and the WGS, checking for accuracy of the reads. To satisfy my curiosity, I plan to investigate some of the medical implications and traits discussed in scientific papers. <br />
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Once I have multiple WGSs from relatives, I plan to do some comparisons as to whether segments that the testing companies indicate match really do match completely with the higher resolution data. I am interested in how closely the statistical predictions on linkage disequilibrium and crossovers mirror what is seen in real family multi-generational studies. For example, in the shared segments marked below, not every SNP is tested. A number of SNPs in a segment are tested and we assume the non-tested SNPs match based on statistical predictions.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioGtHGIGEfl7WbNc0iPIJVg4WooZ6MsO7E8B3LoeVyjPn3q7hrgsPvGfut8E39WTy8dmcm2yBLO_cBJOMEOq4LCSrflm29UgjxFsgydQh397cQYwuB7-spQE_tMF6COSj33DYx8YE-dhny/s1600/Shared_segmentss.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioGtHGIGEfl7WbNc0iPIJVg4WooZ6MsO7E8B3LoeVyjPn3q7hrgsPvGfut8E39WTy8dmcm2yBLO_cBJOMEOq4LCSrflm29UgjxFsgydQh397cQYwuB7-spQE_tMF6COSj33DYx8YE-dhny/s320/Shared_segmentss.png" width="320" height="205" data-original-width="400" data-original-height="256" /></a></div><br />
My previous career in software development, testing, and support made me familiar with <a href="https://sourceforge.net/">Open-Source Software</a> so I look for available tools before spending time writing my own. Tools I am checking out include <a href="http://www.htslib.org/">Samtools</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/gbench/tutorial6/">National Center for Biotechnology Information's (NCBI) Genome Workbench</a>, and <a href="https://software.broadinstitute.org/software/igv/">Broad Institute's Integrative Genome Viewer (IGV)</a>.<br />
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This new <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/">BioRxiv</a> paper is timely for my quest:<br />
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<a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/05/14/321919">"A large-scale analysis of bioinformatics code on GitHub,"</a> by Pamela H Russell, Rachel L Johnson, Shreyas Ananthan, Benjamin Harnke, and Nichole E Carlson, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/321919">https://doi.org/10.1101/321919</a>. The meaty data is in the supplemental material which consists of several large files (some over 200MB) linked from the article abstract.<br />
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By the way, just as with some of the best genealogy articles, the reference notes in this article led me to several additional sources I now need to consult.<br />
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As a woman, this sentence is especially depressing: "... the proportion of female contributors decreases for high-profile repositories and with seniority level in author lists".<a href="#fn2" name="refnum2"><sup>2</sup></a> I hope this changes and more women participate in bioinformatics. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJKvCXUEESx6Sb-BXStCnbGw8HDgwZK2SdHN-qCi2a1nGRi8z1Z-qSIw9DvLa9TQeaqRwbiLjnc5Q-dX8U2qVZ4ozOYZ7F6iTishcw3aww1J5aLd2kuxAY2idtxJCwVf2nLYlprjMz9BVH/s1600/girl-learn-math-science-2405206_640.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJKvCXUEESx6Sb-BXStCnbGw8HDgwZK2SdHN-qCi2a1nGRi8z1Z-qSIw9DvLa9TQeaqRwbiLjnc5Q-dX8U2qVZ4ozOYZ7F6iTishcw3aww1J5aLd2kuxAY2idtxJCwVf2nLYlprjMz9BVH/s320/girl-learn-math-science-2405206_640.jpg" width="320" height="138" data-original-width="640" data-original-height="276" /></a><br><br />
geralt, Pixabay (https://pixabay.com/en/learn-mathematics-child-girl-2405206/ : accessed 15 May 2018), CC0 Creative Commons.</div><br />
I am impressed with how many databases and tools are out there for DNA analysis. I did not realize there are over 1,700 bioinformatics repositories and "23 'high profile' GitHub repositories containing source code for popular and highly respected bioinformatic tools."<a href="#fn3" name="refnum3"><sup>3</sup></a> "Our analysis points to simple recommendations for selecting bioinformatic tools from among the thousands available."<a href="#fn4" name="refnum4"><sup>4</sup></a> Some of these will not be useful for genealogy, but some will. <br />
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One tool aimed at the genetic genealogy community is Thomas Krahn's tool for annotating a BigY VCF file and identifying derived and novel SNPs.<a href="#fn5" name="refnum5"><sup>5</sup></a> Thomas kindly shared this tool so others can do the analysis instead of having it done by his company <a href="YSEQ.net">YSEQ.net</a>.<br />
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Some of the discussions in the scientific world parallel those we are having in the genealogy world.<br />
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"In recent years, the explosion of genomic data and bioinformatic tools has been accompanied by a growing conversation around reproducibility of results and usability of software. Reproducibility requires that authors publish original data and a clear protocol to allow repetition of the analysis in a paper."<a href="#fn6" name="refnum6"><sup>6</sup></a> In the genealogy world we are discussing publicly available DNA data, such as on <a href="https://www.gedmatch.com/">GEDmatch.com</a>, allowing DNA analysis to be reproduced and referenced from a publication. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvZ6R2gQdi6OCALLVfKrLyEpO8R1udi1OovQZe6VdwEBKR7TO6W-_R5WTOZBxnIwhZatxiN_BmE8PJ7FOV-DM8iGHzdGnByfOXvOXkZPkZ9XYSeFJ_SxqXaHHES9QIT_pOZe1sJYDbpVd7/s1600/female_bio-analysis-2025786_640.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvZ6R2gQdi6OCALLVfKrLyEpO8R1udi1OovQZe6VdwEBKR7TO6W-_R5WTOZBxnIwhZatxiN_BmE8PJ7FOV-DM8iGHzdGnByfOXvOXkZPkZ9XYSeFJ_SxqXaHHES9QIT_pOZe1sJYDbpVd7/s320/female_bio-analysis-2025786_640.png" width="320" height="238" data-original-width="640" data-original-height="475" /></a><br><br />
OpenClipart-Vectors, Pixabay (https://pixabay.com/en/analysis-biology-biotechnology-2025786/ : accessed 15 May 2018), CC0 Creative Commons.</div><br />
"The bioinformatics field embraces a culture of sharing — for both data and source code — that supports rapid scientific and technical progress."<a href="#fn7" name="refnum7"><sup>7</sup></a> In the genealogy world we are discussing privacy issues versus sharing data, especially with the recent proliferation of stories on law enforcement use of genealogy databases.<br />
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I have been musing on whether to learn Python or Ruby. A recent discussion with a young programmer had me leaning towards Python. Since the "greatest amount of code in the main dataset was in Javascript, followed by Java, Python, C++, and C"<a href="#fn8" name="refnum8"><sup>8</sup></a> maybe I will stay with Javascipt and Java, which I already know, if I develop any new tools for web usage. I have a few tools I wrote in Perl for my own use that I hope to clean up and share eventually.<br />
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In addition to DNA adding to my knowledge of my family tree, it is forcing me to upgrade my data analysis knowledge and computer tools familiarity. I hope all of this study helps keep my mind active and reduces those "senior moments" that seem to occur more frequently with the years.<br />
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<hr width="30%" align="left"/><a href="#refnum1" name="fn1">1.</a> The science of collecting and analyzing complex biological data such as genetic code.<br />
<a href="#refnum2" name="fn2">2.</a> Pamela H Russell, et al., <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/05/14/321919">"A large-scale analysis of bioinformatics code on GitHub,"</a> 15 May 2018, <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/">BioRxiv</a> pre-publication, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/321919">https://doi.org/10.1101/321919</a>, line 35.<br />
<a href="#refnum3" name="fn3">3.</a> Ibid., line 27.<br />
<a href="#refnum4" name="fn4">4.</a> Ibid., line 148.<br />
<a href="#refnum5" name="fn5">5.</a> Thomas Krahn, "bigY_hg39_pipeline.sh," GitHubGist (<a href="https://gist.github.com/tkrahn/283462028c61cd213399ba7f6b773893">https://gist.github.com/tkrahn/283462028c61cd213399ba7f6b773893</a>).<br />
<a href="#refnum6" name="fn6">6.</a> Russell, "A large-scale analysis of bioinformatics code on GitHub," line 84.<br />
<a href="#refnum7" name="fn7">7.</a> Ibid., line 120.<br />
<a href="#refnum8" name="fn8">8.</a> Ibid., line 208.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
<hr width="30%" align="left"/><br />
To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "Whole Genome Sequence (Part 2) - Analysis Tools," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 15 May 2018 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]). <br />
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© 2018, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6631602813603580477.post-39162497834408710582018-04-25T12:31:00.001-05:002018-04-25T12:31:56.899-05:00Whole Genome Sequence (Part 1)This first article on Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) analysis is posted today to celebrate DNA Day, 25 April 2018.<br />
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This is the first in a continuing series on the files received when a person's entire genome is sequenced, the contents of those files, the tools needed to access the file data, and some things a genealogist can do with the data.<br />
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I now have access to the WGS data for several people who have also tested at most of the genealogy companies offering DNA tests. I am excited to be able to analyze these files so others can decide if a WGS test may be right for them now that prices are below $1000 and probably going lower "soon." When ordering higher resolution sequencing that is consistent with medical testing the price may be over $1000.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo0gbl24R-P-j5Q8vTq-RIGGwHDIAhpvEN_tVT1SzXCyjNxJMy5bFge2FuJgfp2bQJ_W55Bww3DD1WyxPqOONROyPyuhe7BZJJmQ7XMJZgcJjsvTCLWq2xk8QtKDkjJegoQD6Hl9eHBSpR/s1600/2017_NIH_costpergenome_sm.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo0gbl24R-P-j5Q8vTq-RIGGwHDIAhpvEN_tVT1SzXCyjNxJMy5bFge2FuJgfp2bQJ_W55Bww3DD1WyxPqOONROyPyuhe7BZJJmQ7XMJZgcJjsvTCLWq2xk8QtKDkjJegoQD6Hl9eHBSpR/s320/2017_NIH_costpergenome_sm.png" width="320" height="229" data-original-width="500" data-original-height="358" /></a><br> <a href="https://www.genome.gov/27541954/dna-sequencing-costs-data/">https://www.genome.gov/27541954/dna-sequencing-costs-data/</a></div><br />
The first WGS I have access to was done through <a href="https://www.yseq.net/">YSEQ.net</a>. This is the company of Thomas and Astrid Krahn who are well known in the genetic genealogy community. <a href="https://www.yseq.net/">YSEQ.net</a> has excellent explanations of the options and processes on their website and are very responsive to questions via Facebook and their online contact form.<br />
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<a href="https://www.yseq.net/">YSEQ.net</a> was chosen as the testing company because they<br />
<ul><li>provide the data files on a micro SD card as an option<br />
</li><li>offer 15x, 30x, and 50x options for coverage (30x coverage is generally the minimum used for medical purposes; the test taker wanted to be able to use this for health purposes and did not want to pay for additional sequencing later unless it becomes possible to phase data as it is sequenced)<br />
</li><li>provide privacy acceptable to the test taker (the outsourced sequencing does not have the test taker's name attached, the outsource sequencing company will not use the DNA data for other purposes, raw data is archived at <a href="https://www.yseq.net/">YSEQ.net</a> where German law prohibits the data being used without permission from the test taker)<br />
</li><li>and the reputation of the company owners<br />
</li></ul><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3-xrPYH4V9yuBh-RDZr86Ovo_tpSbzZlczPChhEQ1a51RQ77g9CcMp_xL3E77JFDZ5DYeBu3F9Oj8MXNdJGkKTuxiZbK4YQIk1Xam1HrzEAeFLFjvWQ2Yk4i2ybei-ke3gT5tX17_J7ki/s1600/chromosomes-2817314_1280_DPWmod.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3-xrPYH4V9yuBh-RDZr86Ovo_tpSbzZlczPChhEQ1a51RQ77g9CcMp_xL3E77JFDZ5DYeBu3F9Oj8MXNdJGkKTuxiZbK4YQIk1Xam1HrzEAeFLFjvWQ2Yk4i2ybei-ke3gT5tX17_J7ki/s320/chromosomes-2817314_1280_DPWmod.png" width="320" height="320" data-original-width="1280" data-original-height="1280" /></a><br>Adapted by Debbie Parker Wayne from mcmurryjulie, chromosomes, Pixabay (https://pixabay.com/en/chromosomes-genetics-dna-genes-2817314/ : accessed 15 November 2017), CC0 Creative Commons.</div><br />
A kit was ordered from <a href="https://www.yseq.net/">YSEQ.net</a> on 15 November 2017, four swabs arrived on 18 November 2017, the kit was returned on 20 November 2017, and received by the lab on 27 November 2017. Online mtDNA results were available 39 days later on 5 January 2018. Online WGS results were available 24 days after that on 29 January 2018. That is only about 73 days including mail time between the USA and Germany. The micro SD card was received later.<br />
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The files received consisted of <br />
<ul><li>a text file with information on how to download the online DNA data, an mtDNA comparison to the rCRS, and Y chromosome analysis if the test taker is male<br />
</li><li>a text file with <a href="http://www.23andme.com/">23andMe</a> V3-style data with about 958,000 lines that could be used with third-party DNA websites and tools; any test taker who has also tested at other testing companies can compare the two files to see if both companies found the same allele values at all locations<br />
</li><li>an mtDNA <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASTA_format">FASTA file</a> (this is also a plain text file format); any test taker who has also tested the full mtDNA sequence can compare the two files to see if both companies found the same allele values at all locations <br />
</li><li>a very large <a href="http://www.internationalgenome.org/wiki/Analysis/Variant%20Call%20Format/vcf-variant-call-format-version-40/">Variant Call Format (VCF) file</a> with a complete set of extracted mutations - about 695MB - readable with a text file reader such as <a href="http://www.notetab.com/">NoteTab Pro</a>, but may slow down your system due to the size; this has interesting information on the length of data read from the test taker's chromosomes and the mutations of this test taker (provided as a TBI and GZIP file which you must unzip)<br />
</li><li>a BAM and BAI (BAM Index) file with the WGS data - these will require special tools to view as the files are compressed (this will be covered more in a later post; BAM is a binary or compressed version of a SAM file; a SAM (Sequence Alignment Map) file is a text-based format for storing biological sequences aligned to a reference sequence; Samtools are available for LINUX systems at <a href="http://www.htslib.org/">http://www.htslib.org/</a>)<br />
</li><li>a BAM.stats and BAM.idxstats.tsv file - both readable in a plain text file reader; these are small - 450 to 5,000 lines - and can be read by any text file reader (stats is an abbreviation for statistics; idx is a common abbreviation for index in the computer world; TSV is a tab-separated-value file similar to the CSV comma-separated-values files we use all of the time in DNA analysis)<br />
</li><li>what seems to be the mtDNA data in a BAM file format along with a BAM index<br />
</li></ul><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidL-zRWFO6WxDNbtRsCDbUDhAdiWr1o26iuAVwaDAy5A0WMuf2UdRc9rieAgcmd8GEzgwcLmD0qQhgfUjjBmx7gmokITHL4V5cFLfLs-htnQ_3hHtImYNqQWcheQR_RcLsnlPBTVnYy-a_/s1600/GCATslant_DPwmtDNA1_36.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidL-zRWFO6WxDNbtRsCDbUDhAdiWr1o26iuAVwaDAy5A0WMuf2UdRc9rieAgcmd8GEzgwcLmD0qQhgfUjjBmx7gmokITHL4V5cFLfLs-htnQ_3hHtImYNqQWcheQR_RcLsnlPBTVnYy-a_/s320/GCATslant_DPwmtDNA1_36.jpg" width="163" height="320" data-original-width="164" data-original-height="322" /></a><br>Image by Debbie Parker Wayne</div><br />
I am in the process of installing <a href="http://www.htslib.org/">Samtools</a> on my LINUX system so I can read the BAM files. I suspect many genealogists will not do this unless they have experience with LINUX/UNIX systems. There are some Windows/Mac-based genome analysis tools also.<br />
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Even without <a href="http://www.htslib.org/">Samtools</a> there is a lot of interesting information here to analyze in the coming months and compare to data from the genealogy testing companies. If you are interested in learning more about BAM files see <a href="http://www.htslib.org/">Samtools</a> and <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/gbench/tutorial6/">NCBI Genome Workbench</a>.<br />
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All statements made in this blog are the opinion of the post author. This blog is not sponsored by any entity other than Debbie Parker Wayne nor is it supported through free or reduced price access to items discussed unless so indicated in the blog post. Hot links to other sites are provided as a courtesy to the reader and are not an endorsement of the other entities except as clearly stated in the narrative.<br />
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To cite this blog post:<br />
Debbie Parker Wayne, "Whole Genome Sequence (Part 1)," <i>Deb's Delvings</i>, 25 April 2018 (<a href="http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/">http://debsdelvings.blogspot.com/ </a>: accessed [date]).<br />
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© 2018, Debbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®, All Rights ReservedDebbie Parker Wayne, Certified Genealogist®http://www.blogger.com/profile/15748059927786719845noreply@blogger.com0